\def\currversion{8/11/97}                        

  %****************************************************************%
  %*                                                              *%
  %*     Prepared by Amy Hendrickson, TeXnology Inc.              *%
  %*     Copyright (C) 1996 by Amy Hendrickson, TeXnology Inc.,   *%
  %*     All rights reserved.                                     *%
  %*                                                              *%
  %*     TeXnology Inc.: 617 738-8029                             *%
  %*                     amyh@ai.mit.edu                          *%
  %*                                                              *%
  %****************************************************************%

%%
%% some modifications of this file were made by Xiao-Qi Yang
%% with the help from Les Jennings, 15 july 1998
%%


  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %% Macro Contents:

  %% Dimensions
  %% Global Parameters
  %% LaTeX2.09/LaTeX2e Switch, font family declarations
  %% Listing
  %% Title Pages, List of Contributors, Preface, Introduction
  %% Part, Chapter, and Appendix Commands 
  %% Counters
  %% Header Level Names
  %% Section Commands 
  %% Verse, Quote, Extract 
  %% Math
  %% Figure and Table Captions 
  %% Table of Contents, List of Figures, LOT 
  %% Bibliography, References 
  %% Footnotes
  %% Running Heads
  %% Fonts for Specific Places
  %% Algorithm
  %% Glossary
  %% Index
  %% Draft line

  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% To change the level of heading that will print in the Table of Contents
%% search for \setcounter{tocdepth}{0} below, and change it if you have
%% a strong preference to have more levels of headings appear in the toc.
%% Default is \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} and that is the level Kluwer prefers.

%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{0} means Chap. headings        will print in TOC
%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} means Chap. and section headings         "
%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} means Chap. sect, and subsect headings   "
%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} means Chap. sect, subsect and subsubsect "

\typeout{^^J^^J
Kluwer Academic Press^^J
Edited Book Style^^J
Written by Amy Hendrickson, TeXnology, Inc., 3/96^^J
This version is dated \currversion^^J^^J}

%% Dimensions for both 2e and 2.09 ===>>>

\newif\ifll
\expandafter\ifx\csname LaTeXe\endcsname\relax % LaTeX2.09 is used
\else% LaTeX2e is being used, so set ll true
\global\lltrue\fi

\ifll
% To make these commands work with earlier versions of 2e.
\gdef\hb@xt@{\hbox to}
%
\expandafter\ifx\csname @star@or@long\endcsname\relax
\gdef\DeclareRobustCommand{\@star@or@long\declare@robustcommand}
\gdef\declare@robustcommand#1{%
   \ifx#1\@undefined\else\ifx#1\relax\else
      \@latex@info{Redefining \string#1}%
   \fi\fi
   \edef\reserved@a{\string#1}%
   \def\reserved@b{#1}%
   \edef\reserved@b{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\reserved@b}%
   \edef#1{%
      \ifx\reserved@a\reserved@b
         \noexpand\x@protect
         \noexpand#1%
      \fi
      \noexpand\protect
      \expandafter\noexpand\csname
         \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 \endcsname
   }%
   \let\@ifdefinable\@rc@ifdefinable
   \expandafter\new@command\csname
      \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 \endcsname
}
\gdef\@star@or@long#1{%
  \@ifstar
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\relax#1}%
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\long#1}}
%
\def\@star@or@long#1{%
  \@ifstar
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\relax#1}%
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\long#1}}
%% added Dec 9==>>
\let\l@ngrel@x\relax
\def\newcommand{\@star@or@long\new@command}
\def\new@command#1{%
  \@testopt{\@newcommand#1}0}
\def\@newcommand#1[#2]{%
  \@ifnextchar [{\@xargdef#1[#2]}%
                {\@argdef#1[#2]}}
\long\def\@argdef#1[#2]#3{%
   \@ifdefinable #1{\@yargdef#1\@ne{#2}{#3}}}
\long\def\@xargdef#1[#2][#3]#4{%
  \@ifdefinable#1{%
     \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{%
          \expandafter
          \@protected@testopt
          \expandafter
          #1%
          \csname\string#1\expandafter\endcsname
          {#3}}%
       \expandafter\@yargdef
          \csname\string#1\endcsname
           \tw@
           {#2}%
           {#4}}}
\def\@testopt#1#2{%
  \@ifnextchar[{#1}{#1[#2]}}
\def\@protected@testopt#1{%%
  \ifx\protect\@typeset@protect
    \expandafter\@testopt
  \else
    \@x@protect#1%
  \fi}
\long\def\@yargdef#1#2#3{%
  \@tempcnta#3\relax
  \advance \@tempcnta \@ne
  \let\@hash@\relax
  \edef\reserved@a{\ifx#2\tw@ [\@hash@1]\fi}%
  \@tempcntb #2%
  \@whilenum\@tempcntb <\@tempcnta
     \do{%
         \edef\reserved@a{\reserved@a\@hash@\the\@tempcntb}%
         \advance\@tempcntb \@ne}%
  \let\@hash@##%
  \l@ngrel@x\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\reserved@a}
\long\def\@reargdef#1[#2]#3{%
  \@yargdef#1\@ne{#2}{#3}}
\def\renewcommand{\@star@or@long\renew@command}
\def\renew@command#1{%
  {\escapechar\m@ne\xdef\@gtempa{{\string#1}}}%
  \expandafter\@ifundefined\@gtempa
     {\@latex@error{\string#1 undefined}\@ehc}%
     {}%
  \let\@ifdefinable\@rc@ifdefinable
  \new@command#1}
\long\def\@ifdefinable #1#2{%
      \edef\reserved@a{\expandafter\@gobble\string #1}%
     \@ifundefined\reserved@a
         {\edef\reserved@b{\expandafter\@carcube \reserved@a xxx\@nil}%
          \ifx \reserved@b\@qend \@notdefinable\else
            \ifx \reserved@a\@qrelax \@notdefinable\else
              #2%
            \fi
          \fi}%
         \@notdefinable}
\let\@@ifdefinable\@ifdefinable
\long\def\@rc@ifdefinable#1#2{%
  \let\@ifdefinable\@@ifdefinable
  #2}
\fi %<=== end of conditional to see if above code needs to be
%                      added for users of older versions of 2e
%%
\else
\def\nobreakspace{~}
\gdef\@plus{plus}
\gdef\@minus{minus}
\fi

\parindent=1pc
\parskip=0pt 

\textheight = 46pc
\textwidth 28.5pc %27pc in specs, 28.5 in old version
\newdimen\savetextwidth
\savetextwidth=\textwidth

\clubpenalty10000
\widowpenalty10000

\topmargin.75in
\headheight 12pt
\headsep 16pt
\topskip  0pt
\footskip 16pt

\columnsep 10pt
\columnseprule 0pt

\footnotesep 6.65pt
\skip\footins 24pt plus 4pt minus 2pt


\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
\textfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
\intextsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt

\dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
\dbltextfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt

\ifll\else
\global\@maxsep 20pt
\global\@dblmaxsep 20pt
\fi

\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil
\@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil
\@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil
\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil
\@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil
\@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil

\maxdepth=4pt %% 2e default is .5\topskip

\oddsidemargin 6pc % 2pc=no extra space on left
\evensidemargin 5.5pc %  2pc=no extra space on left
\marginparwidth .75in

\count\footins=0
\if@twocolumn
 \setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}
\else
  \setlength\marginparsep{7\p@}
\fi
\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}

\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}

%%%
\setcounter{topnumber}{3}
\def\topfraction{.99}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3}
\def\bottomfraction{.9}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{9}
\def\textfraction{.01}
\def\floatpagefraction{.5}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.7}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
%%%

\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
\tabcolsep 6pt


\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}

\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% <<== end dimensions

%%% Global parameters ==>>

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}

%% to make left and right page position differently.
\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue
\@twocolumnfalse

%% 2e ==>>>
\newif\if@openbib
%\@openbibtrue
\@openbibfalse
\newif\if@openright
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage

%% Start new chapter on right side
\newif\if@openright
\@openrighttrue
%% <<== end 2e

\newcommand{\contentsname}{Contents}
\newcommand{\listfigurename}{List of Figures}
\newcommand{\listtablename}{List of Tables}
\newcommand{\bibname}{Bibliography}
\newcommand{\indexname}{Index}
\newcommand{\figurename}{Fig.}
\newcommand{\tablename}{Table}
\newcommand{\partname}{Part}
\newcommand{\chaptername}{Chapter}
\newcommand{\appendixname}{Appendix}

%%% <== end global parameters


%%% LaTeX2.09/LaTeX2e Switch  ====>>>

\font\egtbf=cmbx8
\font\sevbf=cmbx7
\font\fivbf=cmbx5

\ifll \let\dooptions\ProcessOptions
\else
\let\dooptions\@options\fi
\dooptions


\ifll
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{edbk}[1996/03/28]
\newcommand{\@ptsize}{}
\renewcommand{\normalsize}{%
   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
   \let\@listi\@listI}
\normalsize
\newcommand{\small}{%
   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \itemsep \parsep}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\newcommand{\footnotesize}{%
   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}%
   \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \itemsep \parsep}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\newcommand{\scriptsize}{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
\newcommand{\tiny}{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
\newcommand{\large}{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}
\newcommand{\Large}{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}}
\newcommand{\LARGE}{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}
\newcommand{\huge}{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
\newcommand{\Huge}{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}

\@maxdepth\maxdepth
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\cal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\mit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}

\else %% LaTeX2.09
%% To get bold super and sub-scripts in the right size:
\gdef\xpt{\textfont\z@\tenrm
  \scriptfont\z@\sevrm \scriptscriptfont\z@\fivrm
\textfont\@ne\tenmi \scriptfont\@ne\sevmi \scriptscriptfont\@ne\fivmi
\textfont\tw@\tensy \scriptfont\tw@\sevsy \scriptscriptfont\tw@\fivsy
\textfont\thr@@\tenex \scriptfont\thr@@\tenex \scriptscriptfont\thr@@\tenex
\def\unboldmath{\everymath{}\everydisplay{}\@nomath\unboldmath
          \textfont\@ne\tenmi
          \textfont\tw@\tensy \textfont\lyfam\tenly
          \@boldfalse}\@boldfalse
\def\boldmath{\@ifundefined{tenmib}{\global\font\tenmib\@mbi
   \global\font\tensyb\@mbsy
   \global\font\tenlyb\@lasyb\relax\@addfontinfo\@xpt
   {\def\boldmath{\everymath{\mit}\everydisplay{\mit}\@prtct\@nomathbold
        \textfont\@ne\tenmib \textfont\tw@\tensyb
        \textfont\lyfam\tenlyb \@prtct\@boldtrue}}}{}\@xpt\boldmath}%
\def\prm{\fam\z@\tenrm}%
\def\pit{\fam\itfam\tenit}\textfont\itfam\tenit \scriptfont\itfam\sevit
    \scriptscriptfont\itfam\sevit
\def\psl{\fam\slfam\tensl}\textfont\slfam\tensl
     \scriptfont\slfam\tensl \scriptscriptfont\slfam\tensl
\def\pbf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}\textfont\bffam\tenbf
    \scriptfont\bffam\sevbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam\fivbf
\def\ptt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}\textfont\ttfam\tentt
    \scriptfont\ttfam\tentt \scriptscriptfont\ttfam\tentt
\def\psf{\fam\sffam\tensf}\textfont\sffam\tensf
    \scriptfont\sffam\tensf \scriptscriptfont\sffam\tensf
\def\psc{\@getfont\psc\scfam\@xpt{\@mcsc}}%
\def\ly{\fam\lyfam\tenly}\textfont\lyfam\tenly
   \scriptfont\lyfam\sevly \scriptscriptfont\lyfam\fivly
\@setstrut \rm}
%
\gdef\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{12pt}\xpt\@xpt
\abovedisplayskip 10\p@ plus2\p@ minus5\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip  \z@ plus3\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip  6\p@ plus3\p@ minus3\p@
\let\@listi\@listI}

\gdef\small{\@setsize\small{11pt}\ixpt\@ixpt
\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@\parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}}

\gdef\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{9.5pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
\abovedisplayskip 6\p@ plus2\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ plus\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 3\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@\parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}}
%
\gdef\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{8pt}\viipt\@viipt}
\gdef\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{6pt}\vpt\@vpt}
\gdef\large{\@setsize\large{14pt}\xiipt\@xiipt}
\gdef\Large{\@setsize\Large{18pt}\xivpt\@xivpt}
\gdef\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{22pt}\xviipt\@xviipt}
\gdef\huge{\@setsize\huge{25pt}\xxpt\@xxpt}
\gdef\Huge{\@setsize\Huge{30pt}\xxvpt\@xxvpt}
%
\gdef\bfseries{\bf}
\fi

\lineskip 1pt
\normallineskip 1pt
\def\baselinestretch{1}

\normalsize
%% <<== end font info


%% Listing, same as 2.09 ==>>

\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
            \parsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
            \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
            \itemsep4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
              \parsep    2\p@ \@plus\p@  \@minus\p@
              \itemsep   \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    2\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
              \parsep    \z@
              \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@
              \itemsep   \topsep}
\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv  {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
              \labelwidth\leftmarginv
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
              \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}

\leftmargini 25pt
\leftmarginii 22pt
\leftmarginiii 18.7pt
\leftmarginiv 17pt
\leftmarginv 10pt
\leftmarginvi 10pt

\leftmargin\leftmargini
\labelsep 5pt
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep

\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmargini  {2em}
\else
  \setlength\leftmargini  {2.5em}
\fi
\setlength\leftmarginii  {2.2em}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
\setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.7em}
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {.5em}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
\else
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {1em}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
\fi
\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
\setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}

\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty

\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\arabic{enumi}}
\renewcommand{\theenumii}{\alph{enumii}}
\renewcommand{\theenumiii}{\roman{enumiii}}
\renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\Alph{enumiv}}
\newcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi.}
\newcommand{\labelenumii}{(\theenumii)}
\newcommand{\labelenumiii}{\theenumiii.}
\newcommand{\labelenumiv}{\theenumiv.}
\renewcommand{\p@enumii}{\theenumi}
\renewcommand{\p@enumiii}{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\renewcommand{\p@enumiv}{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}

\def\sqbullet{\raise.2ex\hbox{\vrule width 4pt height4pt}}

\def\labelitemi{\llap{\hbox to15pt{\sqbullet\hfill}}}
%\newcommand{\labelitemi}{$\m@th\bullet$}
\newcommand{\labelitemii}{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\newcommand{\labelitemiii}{$\m@th\ast$}
\newcommand{\labelitemiv}{$\m@th\cdot$}
\newenvironment{description}
               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
               {\endlist}

\ifll
\newcommand*{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\hspace\labelsep
                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
\else
\gdef\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep \bf #1}\fi

%%% <<=== end of listing commands 

%% Title Pages, List of Contributors, Preface, Introduction==>>


\let\savefootnote\footnote


\def\name#1{\vskip2pt\fakesc #1*\hskip10pt}

\newif\ifpreface
\def\preface{\chapter*{Preface}
\global\prefacetrue
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Preface}
\global\titletrue\rhead{PREFACE}}

\def\endpreface{\newpage\rhead{}}


\def\prefaceauthor#1{\def\pone{#1}\vskip14pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill
\expandafter\fakesc\pone*}}

\def\dedication#1{\newpage
\global\titletrue\null\vskip15pc
\noindent\vtop{\hsize=15pc
\dedicationfont
\noindent#1\vskip1sp}\newpage
\rhead{}}

\def\biography{\chapter*{Biographical Sketch of Elijah Polak}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Biographical Sketch of Elijah Polak}
\global\titletrue
\rightrunninghead{Biographical Sketch of Elijah Polak}
\vskip1sp\vskip-16pt
\def\author##1{\vskip18pt
\noindent{\bf\relax ##1}}}

\def\endbiography{\newpage
\markboth{}{}}

\def\appreciation{\chapter*{An Appreciation of Professor N.U. Ahmed}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}An Appreciation of Professor N.U. Ahmed}
\global\titletrue
\rightrunninghead{An Appreciation of Professor N.U. Ahmed}
\vskip1sp\vskip-16pt
\def\author##1{\vskip18pt
\noindent{\bf\relax ##1}}}

\def\endappreciation{\newpage
\markboth{}{}}

\def\publist{\chapter*{Publications of Elijah Polak}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Publications of Elijah Polak}
\global\titletrue
\rightrunninghead{Publications of Elijah Polak}
\vskip1sp\vskip-16pt
\def\author##1{\vskip18pt
\noindent{\bf\relax ##1}}}

\def\endpublist{\newpage
\markboth{}{}}
\def\contributingauthors{\chapter*{Participants}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Participants}
\global\titletrue
\rightrunninghead{Participants}
\vskip1sp\vskip-16pt
\def\author##1{\vskip18pt
\noindent{\bf\relax ##1}}}

\def\endcontributingauthors{\newpage
\markboth{}{}}

%% lines below are new xqy 10 Nov 1999
\def\editors{\chapter*{Editors}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Editors}
\global\titletrue
\rightrunninghead{Editors}
\vskip1sp\vskip-16pt
\def\editor##1{\vskip18pt
\noindent{\bf\relax ##1}}}

\def\endcontributingauthors{\newpage
\markboth{}{}}
%%% above lines are new xqy 10 Nov 1999

\def\introduction#1{\newpage
\bgroup
\parfillskip=0pt
\chapter*{\hfill\chaptertitlefont INTRODUCTION}
\vskip1sp
\vskip-14.5pc
\noindent{\hfill\authorfont #1}\egroup
\vskip12.5pc
\rightrunninghead{INTRODUCTION}
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{I}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Introduction}
{\let\\ \space \let\footnote\eatone\xdef\totoc{\vskip2pt\noindent\tocauthorfont #1}}
\addtocontents{toc}{{\string\noindent\totoc}}
\noindent\ignorespaces}

%% from 2e
\newcommand{\frontmatter}{\cleardoublepage
            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{roman}}
\newcommand{\mainmatter}{\cleardoublepage
       \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
\newcommand{\backmatter}{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
      \@mainmatterfalse}
%%

\newif\iftitle
\def\booktitle{\secdef\@booktitle\sbooktitle}

\def\@booktitle[#1]#2{%
\def\thetitle{#2}
\gdef\lrunninghead{{\let\\ =\  \uppercase{#1}}}}

\def\sbooktitle#1{%
\def\thetitle{\uppercase{#1}}
{\let\\ =\ \gdef\lrunninghead{\uppercase{#1}}}}

\def\subtitle#1{\def\thesubtitle{#1}}

\newcount\edcount
\newcount\loopnum

\def\editor#1{\global\advance\edcount by1\relax
\expandafter\def\csname theeditor\the\edcount\endcsname{#1}}

\def\edaffil#1{\expandafter\def\csname theedaffil\the\edcount\endcsname{#1}}



\def\booktitlerunninghead#1{\gdef\lrunninghead{\uppercase{#1}}}
\booktitlerunninghead{}
\def\chaptitlerunninghead#1{\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{#1}}}
\chaptitlerunninghead{}
\let\rightrunninghead\chaptitlerunninghead
\let\rhead\chaptitlerunninghead
\rhead{}
\def\markboth#1#2{\rhead{#2}}

\booktitle{}
\subtitle{}

\newbox\testtitleheight

\def\halftitlepage{\thispagestyle{empty}
\moveright-3pt\vbox{\vskip-30pt
\parindent=0pt
\hsize=27pc
\noindent\hbox to0pt{\vrule height 3pt width 33pc\hss}
\vskip-1pt
\baselineskip19pt
\halftitlefont
\thetitle\vskip1sp}
\newpage
\thispagestyle{empty}
}

\def\seriestitle#1{\def\theseriestitle{\uppercase{#1}}}

\def\editortable#1\endeditortable{\def\theeditortable{{\professorfont
\baselineskip=10pt
\let\\=\cr
\halign{#### \hfill&#### \hfill\cr
\hskip.5\textwidth&\hskip.5\textwidth\cr
#1
\crcr}}}}

\def\seriespage{\thispagestyle{empty}
\dimen0=\vsize
\advance\dimen0-1pt
\vbox to\dimen0{\parindent=0pt
\vbox to0pt{\vss
\seriestitlefont\theseriestitle
\vskip10.5pt
{\professorfont
Editors:}}
\professorfont
\vskip4pt
\vbox{\theeditortable}
\vskip1sp
\vfill
{\professorfont
Other Books in the series:}
\seriesbookfont
\vskip4pt
\theseriesbooks
}\newpage}

\def\seriesbook#1#2{\vskip.5pt{#1:
\vskip1sp
\noindent\hskip8pt\uppercase{#2}}\vskip1sp}

\def\seriesbooks#1\endseriesbooks{%
\def\theseriesbooks{\let\book\seriesbook
#1}}

\def\titlepage{\thispagestyle{empty}
\dimen0=\vsize
\advance\dimen0 by-6pt
\vbox to\dimen0{\vskip-30pt
\parskip=0pt
\parindent=0pt
\hsize=27pc
\noindent\hbox to0pt{\vrule height 0pt width 33pc\hss}
\vskip-1pt
{\baselineskip19pt
\booktitlefont
\thetitle\vskip1sp}
\vbox to 13pc{
\ifx\subtitle\empty\vfill\else
\vskip18pt
{\baselineskip14pt
\subtitlefont \thesubtitle\vskip1sp}\vfill\fi}
\baselineskip=9pt
{\editoraffilfont
Edited by}
\vskip1pt
\loopnum=1
{\loop\ifnum\loopnum<\edcount
\ifnum\loopnum>1 \vskip3pt\fi
\editorfont \csname theeditor\the\loopnum\endcsname
\vskip1pt\let\\ =\newline
\editoraffilfont
\csname theedaffil\the\loopnum\endcsname
\global\advance\loopnum by 1
\repeat
\ifnum\loopnum>1 \vskip3pt\fi
\editorfont \csname theeditor\the\loopnum\endcsname
\vskip1pt\let\\ =\newline
\editoraffilfont
\csname theedaffil\the\loopnum\endcsname
}
\vfill
\baselineskip=10pt
\kluwerfont\obeylines
Kluwer Academic Publishers
\vskip1sp
{\locationfont
Boston/Dordrecht/London}
}
\newpage
}

\def\dotspace{\hskip5pt\raise.5ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\bullet$}\hskip5pt}

%% end Title Pages, Preface

%% Part, Chapter, and Appendix Commands ===>>>

\def\chaptermark#1{}

\def\openright{\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
\null\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\fi\global\titletrue%
}

\newcommand{\part}{\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
\null\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\fi
                 \thispagestyle{empty}%
                     \@tempswafalse
                 \secdef\@part\@spart}

\def\@part[#1]#2{%
\openright
\ifnum\c@chapter=0
\ifx\thepage\xpage\else
\pagenumbering{arabic}\fi\fi
      \refstepcounter{part}%
{\def\\ {\space} 
      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\protect\tocarticletitlefont%
\thepart\string\hskip1em\relax#1}}%
    \markboth{}{}
    {\interlinepenalty \@M
\leftskip=\@flushglue
\parindent=0pt
\parskip=0pt
\parfillskip=0pt
\baselineskip=30pt
\everypar={\hskip0pt plus 1fil}
\def\\ {\vskip1sp} 
\reset@font\partnumberfont  \vrule height 8pc
width0pt\thepart \hskip 1.5pc
\partfont#2\par}%
    \@endpart}

\def\@spart#1{%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \reset@font
      \bfseries #1\par}%
    \@endpart}

\def\@endpart{\vfill\newpage
              \if@twoside
                \hbox{}%
                \thispagestyle{empty}%
                \newpage
             \fi}


\def\eatone#1{}

\def\author{\futurelet\next\lookforbrac}

\def\lookforbrac{\ifx\next[\let\go\xauthor
\else\let\go\yauthor\fi\go}

\def\xauthor[#1]#2{{\vskip-\parskip\parfillskip=0pt
\vskip3pt
\baselineskip=18pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\everypar={\hskip 0pt plus 1fil\relax}
\let\\ \chapskip{\authorfont\relax #2}\vskip1sp}
{\let\\ \space \let\footnote\eatone\xdef\totoc{\tocauthorfont\relax #1}}
\addtocontents{toc}{{\string\noindent\totoc}}
\global\firstprologuetrue
\vskip11.5pc
}

\def\yauthor#1{{\vskip-\parskip\parfillskip=0pt
\vskip3pt
\baselineskip=18pt
\everypar={\hskip 0pt plus 1fil\relax}
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\let\\ \chapskip{\authorfont\relax #1}\vskip1sp}
{\let\\ \space \let\footnote\eatone\xdef\totoc{\tocauthorfont\relax #1}}
\addtocontents{toc}{{\string\noindent\totoc}}
\global\firstprologuetrue
\vskip11.5pc
}

\def\affil#1{\vskip-9.5pc{\parfillskip=0pt
\let\email\affilemail
\vskip3pt
\baselineskip=13pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\everypar={\hskip 0pt plus 1fil\relax}
\let\\ \chapskip{\affilfont #1}\vskip1sp}
\ifmultipleauthors
\global\multipleauthorsfalse
\vskip4pc
\else
\vskip11.5pc
\fi
}

\def\email#1{\vskip-11.5pc{\parfillskip=0pt
\vskip3pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\baselineskip=13pt
\everypar={\hskip 0pt plus 1fil}
\let\\ \chapskip{\emailfont #1}\vskip1sp}
\vskip4.5pc
}

\newif\ifmultipleauthors
\def\affilemail#1{
{\parfillskip=0pt
\global\multipleauthorstrue
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\vskip1pt
\baselineskip=13pt
\everypar={\hskip 0pt plus 1fil}
\let\\ \chapskip{\emailfont #1}\vskip1sp}
\vskip8pt
}

\def\abstract{\global\c@footnote=0
\setbox0=\vbox\bgroup\small\noindent{\sectionfont Abstract:}
\leftskip1pc \rightskip\leftskip \ 
\ignorespaces}
\def\endabstract{\vskip1sp\egroup%\vskip-\ht0
\unvbox0}

%% created by xqy to produce key words
\def\keyword{\global\c@footnote=0
\setbox0=\vbox\bgroup\small\noindent{\sectionfont Key words:}
\leftskip1pc \rightskip\leftskip \ 
\ignorespaces}
\def\endkeyword{\vskip1sp\egroup%\vskip-\ht0
\unvbox0}

\newif\iffirstprologue
\def\prologue#1#2{\iffirstprologue
\global\firstprologuefalse\else
\vskip12pt\fi
{\leftskip=1pc \rightskip=1pc
\parindent=0pt \small\it
\let\\ \chapskip#1\vskip1sp
\hbox to\textwidth{\small\rm\hfill---#2\hskip1pc}
}\vskip4.5pc}


\def\chapter{\openright
\global\c@theorem=0
\global\c@calphanum=0
\global\c@alphanum=0
\global\c@footnote=0
\global\footnum=0
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\arabic{chapter}}
                    \global\@topnum\z@
                   \@afterindentfalse
                   \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}

\def\cnumberline#1{{\noindent\tocarticletitlefont #1
\hskip\parfillskip
\vskip-\parskip\noindent%
\hskip-\leftskip\ignorespaces}}

\def\chapnumberline#1#2{{\noindent\tocarticletitlefont #1
\hskip\parfillskip
\vskip-\parskip\noindent\hskip-\leftskip%
\vtop{\advance\hsize-36pt
\parindent=-\leftskip\parfillskip=0pt
plus1fil #2\vrule depth4pt width0pt\vskip1sp}}}


\def\chapskip{\vskip-\parskip}

\def\xpage{\csname @arabic\endcsname \c@page}

\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\global\appendonfalse
\ifnum\c@chapter=0
\ifx\thepage\xpage\else
\pagenumbering{arabic}\fi\fi
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
                       \if@mainmatter
                         \refstepcounter{chapter}%
                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
                                   {\protect\chapnumberline{\thechapter}{#1}}%
                       \else
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                       \fi
                    \else
                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                    \fi
                    \rightrunninghead{#1}%
                      \@makechapterhead{{\let\\ \chapskip #2}}%
                      \@afterheading
                    }



\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
%% four lines produced by XQY
\vspace{-5pc}
{\sectionfont \hskip-0.9pc FRONTIERS IN OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL}\\

{\sectionfont \hskip-0.9pc  S.H. Hou, X.M. Yang and  G.Y. Chen (eds)}\\

%{\sectionfont \hskip-0.9pc Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers}

  \vspace*{3.5pc}%
{\parindent \z@  \reset@font
\raggedleft
\everypar={\hskip0pt plus 1fil}
\parfillskip=0pt
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \large \bfseries\chaptertitlefont 
\baselineskip24pt
{\chapternumberfont\ifturnoffs\else\the\c@chapter\fi\hskip18pt}
\hyphenpenalty=10000\relax\uppercase{#1}\vskip1sp}\par\nobreak
    \vskip 1sp
}

\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
                 \else
                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
                   \@afterheading
                 \fi}

\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
\global\titletrue
  \vspace*{-30pt}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \reset@font
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \large \bfseries\schaptertitlefont #1\par\nobreak
\vskip15pc
}}

\let\articletitle\chapter
\newcount\c@alphanum
\c@alphanum=0
\newif\ifappendon
\def\appendix#1{\newpage\par
\global\advance\c@alphanum by1   % was by1  XQY 29 May
\xdef\applett{\Alph{alphanum}}
\global\appendontrue
\global\c@theorem=0
  \setcounter{chapter}{7}%  was 7 
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
  \setcounter{table}{0}%
  \setcounter{equation}{0}% 0
  \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{\appendixname}%
  \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}-}
\def\one{#1}\ifx\one\empty
\section*{Appendix}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}
\else
\section*{Appendix: #1}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix: #1}
\fi
\def\thechapter{\Alph{alphanum}-}
}

\newcount\c@calphanum

\def\chapappendix#1{\par
\global\advance\c@calphanum by1
\global\appendontrue
  \setcounter{theorem}{0}%
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
  \setcounter{table}{0}%
  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
\def\thechapter{\Alph{calphanum}}
\def\one{#1}\ifx\one\empty
\section*{Appendix}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}
\else
\section*{Appendix: #1}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix: #1}
\fi
\xdef\applett{\the\c@chapter.\Alph{calphanum}}
}

%%% <<=== end Chapter, Part, and Appendix Commands 

%%%%


%%% Counters ===>>
\newcounter {part}
\newcounter {chapter}
\newcounter {section}[chapter]
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]

%%% <=== end counters

%%% Header Level Names ==>>
\renewcommand{\thepart}         {\Roman{part}}
\renewcommand{\thechapter}      {\arabic{chapter}}
%\renewcommand{\thesection}      {\thechapter.\arabic{section}}
%% the following displays only the section number

\renewcommand{\thesection}      {\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}   {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
\renewcommand{\theparagraph}    {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
\renewcommand{\thesubparagraph} {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
\newcommand{\@chapapp}{\chaptername}

%%% <<== End Header Level Names

%%% Section Commands ====>>>>

% \@startsection {NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE}
%            optional * [ALTHEADING]{HEADING}
%    Generic command to start a section.
%    NAME       : e.g., 'subsection'
%    LEVEL      : a number, denoting depth of section -- e.g., chapter=1,
%                 section = 2, etc.
%    INDENT     : Indentation of heading from left margin
%    BEFORESKIP : Absolute value = skip to leave above the heading.
%                 If negative, then paragraph indent of text following
%                 heading is suppressed.
%    AFTERSKIP  : if positive, then skip to leave below heading, else
%                 negative of skip to leave to right of run-in heading.
%    STYLE      : commands to set style
%  If '*' missing, then increments the counter.  If it is present, then
%  there should be no [ALTHEADING] argument.
%  Uses the counter 'secnumdepth' whose value is the highest section
%  level that is to be numbered.
\newcount\temptoc


\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\let\dolabelnow\relax%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
     \let\@svsec\@empty\else 
     \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname\hskip 1em }\fi
     \@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ 
%
        \begingroup#6\relax  
          \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M 
     \hyphenpenalty=10000 % No hyphenation in section heads
     \raggedright 
     %% make section head uppercase
     \ifnum#2=1{\def\label##1{\gdef\dolabelnow{\savelabel{##1}}}%
     \global\setbox0=\hbox{\def\\ {\relax}#8}}%
     \uppercase{\fi%
     \def\label##1{}%
     \def\\ {\hfill\break}%
     #8\ifnum#2=1}\fi\par}%%
     \endgroup%
     \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7} % 
     \temptoc=\c@tocdepth \advance\temptoc by1
\ifnum\temptoc >#2
     {%<===
     \def\\ { }%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth\else%
                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
                    #7 }%<===
    }%<===
\fi%<===
\else
        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax
                 \@svsec #8.\csname #1mark\endcsname
                   {#7}\addcontentsline
                     {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                             \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
                       #7}}\fi\@xsect{#5} 
\dolabelnow %% to make label not be uppercase.
}

\newcommand{\section}{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
                                   {-12pt}%
                                   {6pt}%
                                   {\reset@font\large\bfseries\sectionfont}}
\newcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                     {-12pt}%
                                     {6pt}%
                                 {\reset@font\large\bfseries\subsectionfont}}
\newcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
                                     {-12pt}%
                                     {-1em}
                           {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\subsubsectionfont}}
\newcommand{\paragraph}{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                                    {-12pt}%
                                    {-1em}%
                               {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\paragraphfont}}
\newcommand{\subparagraph}{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
                                       {-1em}%
                                      {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}

%%% <<=== end section commands


%%% Verse, Quote, Extract ==>>

\newenvironment{verse}
               {\let\\=\@centercr
                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
                        \listparindent\itemindent
                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quotation}
               {\small
\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
                        \itemindent    \listparindent
                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quote}
               {\small
\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\let\extract\quotation
\let\endextract\endquotation
%% <<== end Verse, Quote, Extract 


%%% Math ===>>>
%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@eqnnum{\hbox{\@normalsize(\theequation)}} 
\def\xrelax{\relax}
\newif\iffirsttime
\global\firsttimetrue
\newif\ifequation

\def\themathletter{\relax}
\def\mathletter#1{\gdef\themathletter{#1}}
\def\spletter#1{\gdef\thespletter{#1}}
\spletter{}

\def\]{\relax\ifmmode\ifinner\@badmath\else$$\fi%%$$ BRACE MATCH HACK
        \else \@badmath \fi\ignorespaces}

\def\@@eqncr{\let\@tempa\relax 
    \ifcase\@eqcnt \def\@tempa{& & &}\or \def\@tempa{& &} 
      \else \def\@tempa{&}\fi 
     \@tempa 
\ifx\themathletter\xrelax
%% Aug. 9 bug fix ==>
\if@eqnsw
\stepcounter{equation}\fi
%% <==
\else\iffirsttime\global\firsttimefalse\stepcounter{equation}
\fi\fi
\if@eqnsw\@eqnnum 
\fi
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%%% <<=== oct 14, make label
\global\let\templabel\relax                  % catch current number and letter
\global\let\themathletter\xrelax %% <<=== oct 4
\global\@eqnswtrue\global\@eqcnt\z@\cr}

\def\eqnarray{\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\let\label\xlabel
\global\@eqnswtrue
\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\@centering\let\\=\@eqncr
$$\everycr={\noalign{\gdef\themathletter{\relax}}}
\halign to \displaywidth\bgroup\@eqnsel\hskip\@centering
  $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne 
  \hskip 2\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil
  &%
\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip 2\arraycolsep $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$\hfil 
   \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}

\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup
\global\firsttimetrue\spletter{}$$
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%
\global\let\templabel\relax
\gdef\themathletter{\relax}\global\@ignoretrue}

%%% Just in case anyone wants a left aligned eqnarray

\newdimen\mathindent
\mathindent = \parindent

\def\lefteqnarray{\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\let\label\xlabel
\global\@eqnswtrue
\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr
$$\everycr={\noalign{\gdef\themathletter{\relax}}}
\halign to \linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel \hskip\@centering
  $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne 
  \hskip 2\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil  &%
\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip 2\arraycolsep $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$\hfil 
   \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}

\let\endlefteqnarray\endeqnarray

\def\leftequation{\let\label\xlabel
\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
\@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
 \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $\m@th% $ TO MAKE DOLLAR NESTING OK
  \displaystyle
\hskip\mathindent}

\def\endleftequation{$\hfil
\displaywidth\linewidth
%
\ifx\themathletter\xrelax\global\firsttimetrue%
\refstepcounter{equation}\else%
\iffirsttime\global\firsttimefalse\refstepcounter{equation}\fi\fi%
%
\@eqnnum\egroup 
%
\gdef\themathletter{\relax}\global\equationfalse
\global\@ignoretrue
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%
\global\let\templabel\relax
%
\endtrivlist}

\let\savelabel\label % Aug 13, '93 bug fix
\def\xlabel#1{\gdef\templabel{#1}}
\let\templabel\relax

\def\equation{$$ % $$ BRACE MATCHING HACK
\let\label\xlabel
}

\def\endequation{%
\ifx\themathletter\xrelax\global\firsttimetrue%
\refstepcounter{equation}\else%
\iffirsttime\global\firsttimefalse\refstepcounter{equation}\fi\fi%
\eqno \@eqnnum % $$ BRACE MATCHING HACK
$$\gdef\themathletter{\relax}\global\equationfalse
\global\@ignoretrue
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%
\global\let\templabel\relax}


% following gives equation numbers for each section xqy 15 july 1998
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}

%\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}

\def\theequation{\thespletter\ifappendon% 
%\applett.\arabic{equation}\themathletter\else\thechapter.\arabic{equation}%
% following displays number for each chapter xqy  15 july 1998
\applett.\arabic{equation}\themathletter\else\thesection.\arabic{equation}%
\themathletter\fi}


%%% <<<=== end Math 

%%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
%%\def\thetheorem{\thesection.\the\c@theorem}


%%% Figure and Table Captions ==>>>
%%\newcounter{figure}[chapter]
%%\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\ifappendon\applett.\else\thechapter.\fi%
%% changes in the following two lines made by yang on 14 June 99
\newcounter{figure}[section]  \renewcommand{\thefigure}{\ifappendon\applett.\else\thesection.\fi%
\@arabic\c@figure\theletter}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
\newenvironment{figure}
               {\@float{figure}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
%%\newcounter{table}[chapter]
%%\renewcommand{\thetable}{\ifappendon\applett.\else\thechapter.\fi%
%% changes in the following two lines made by yang on 14 June 99
\newcounter{table}[section]
\renewcommand{\thetable}{\ifappendon\applett.\else\thesection.\fi%
\@arabic\c@table\theletter}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
               {\@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
               {\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}

\def\xfigure{figure}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{{\fignumfont#1%.
\let\it\captionitalic
\quad \ifx\@captype\xfigure\figtextfont\else
\tabtextfont\fi\let\newline\ #2}}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >.9\hsize
\fignumfont #1%.
\quad\let\it\captionitalic
\ifx\@captype\xfigure\figtextfont\else
\tabtextfont\fi#2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
\ifx\@captype\xfigure
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip
\else
\vskip3pt\fi
\xdef\@currentlabel{\expandafter\csname p@\@captype\endcsname%
\expandafter\csname the\@captype\endcsname\theletter}
%
\gdef\theletter{\relax}
\ifx\@captype\xtable\vskip\abovetableskip\relax\fi
}

\let\savetable\table

\def\table{\small\savetable}

%%% code to get text in tables to extend all the way to left and right
%%% of table

\def\xtable{table}
\def\@array[#1]#2{\setbox\@arstrutbox=\hbox{\vrule 
     height\arraystretch \ht\strutbox
     depth\arraystretch \dp\strutbox
     width\z@}\@mkpream{#2}\edef\@preamble{\halign \noexpand\@halignto
\bgroup%
\tabskip\z@\@arstrut\@preamble
\ifx\@captype\xtable\hskip-\tabcolsep\fi%% <==== Changed
\tabskip\z@ \cr}%
\let\@startpbox\@@startpbox \let\@endpbox\@@endpbox%
  \if #1t\vtop \else \if#1b\vbox \else \vcenter \fi\fi%
  \bgroup\let\par\relax%
  \let\@sharp##\let\protect\relax \lineskip\z@\baselineskip\z@\@preamble}

%% new
\def\new@tabacol{\edef\@preamble{\@preamble\hskip0pt}}

\def\@tabclassz{\ifcase \@lastchclass\@acolampacol% 
\or \@ampacol \or
   \or \or \@addamp \or \@acolampacol\or \@firstampfalse 
\ifx\@captype\xtable \new@tabacol\else\@tabacol \fi%
\fi%
\edef\@preamble{\@preamble%
  \ifcase \@chnum%
     \hfil\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil%
     \or \ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil%
     \or \hfil\hskip\z@ \ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\fi}}

\let\savehline\hline
\def\hline{\noalign{\vskip3pt}\savehline\noalign{\vskip3pt}}

\def\tablenotes{\bgroup\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
\leftskip=0pt\relax \rightskip=0pt
\vskip2pt\footnotesize}
\def\endtablenotes{\vskip1pt\egroup}

%%%%%%%%%

\def\widefigure{\clearpage
\advance\oddsidemargin-88pt
\advance\evensidemargin-88pt
\bgroup
\global\textwidth=\textheight 
\hsize=\textheight
\textheight=28.5pc
\thispagestyle{empty}\def\@captype{figure}}
\def\endwidefigure{\vskip1sp\egroup\clearpage
\global\textwidth=\savetextwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin88pt
\advance\evensidemargin88pt
}

\def\landscapemode{\clearpage
\advance\oddsidemargin-88pt
\advance\evensidemargin-88pt
\bgroup
\global\textwidth=\textheight 
\hsize=\textheight
\textheight=28.5pc
\thispagestyle{empty}}
\def\endlandscapemode{\vskip1sp\egroup\clearpage
\global\textwidth=\savetextwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin88pt
\advance\evensidemargin88pt
}

\def\widetable{\clearpage
\advance\oddsidemargin-88pt
\advance\evensidemargin-88pt
\bgroup\global\textwidth=\textheight 
\hsize=\textwidth
\thispagestyle{empty}
\bgroup\def\@captype{table}
\centering
}
\def\endwidetable{\vskip1sp\egroup
\vskip1sp\egroup
\clearpage
\global\textwidth=\savetextwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin88pt
\advance\evensidemargin88pt
}
%
%% ==> new
\newdimen\belowtableskip
\newdimen\abovetableskip
\abovetableskip=6pt
\def\xtable{table}

\long\def\@makenarrowcaption#1#2{%
\vskip12pt
\hbox to\textwidth{\hss\vtop{\hsize=1.5in\parskip=6pt\footnotesize%
{\fignumfont\relax #1}\hskip1em\figtextfont\relax #2}}}

\def\narrowcaption#1{{\let\@makecaption\@makenarrowcaption
\caption{#1}}}

\def\dblcaption#1#2{
\hbox to\textwidth{%
\vtop{\textwidth=13.5pc\hsize13.5pc\caption{#1}}\hfill\vtop{\textwidth=13.5pc%
\hsize13.5pc\caption{#2}}}
}

\def\lettereddblcaption#1#2#3#4{
\hbox to\textwidth{%
\vtop{\textwidth13.5pc \hsize13.5pc\letteredcaption{#1}{#2}}\hfill%
\vtop{\textwidth13.5pc \hsize13.5pc\letteredcaption{#3}{#4}}}
}

%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Continued captions

\def\Nfnum@figure{Figure \thefigure\ {\it(continued)}\hfill\break}

\def\Nfnum@table{Table \thetable\ {\it(continued)}\hfill\break}

\def\Ccaption{\@dblarg{\C@caption\@captype}}

\long\def\C@caption#1[#2]#3{\par
\begingroup
    \@parboxrestore
    \normalsize
    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces#3}\par
  \endgroup}

\def\contcaption#1{{\let\fnum@figure\Nfnum@figure
\let\fnum@table\Nfnum@table
\Ccaption{#1}}}

\def\narrowcontcaption#1{{\let\@makecaption\@makenarrowcaption
\let\fnum@figure\Nfnum@figure
\let\fnum@table\Nfnum@table
\Ccaption{#1}}}

%%%%%%%%% Lettered Captions

\def\theletter{\relax}
\newif\ifxfirsttime
\xfirsttimetrue

\def\caption{\ifx\@captype\xtable
\ifx\theletter\xrelax
\global\xfirsttimetrue\refstepcounter\@captype\else
\ifxfirsttime\global\xfirsttimefalse\refstepcounter\@captype\fi\fi
\else
\ifx\theletter\xrelax
\global\xfirsttimetrue\refstepcounter\@captype\else
\ifxfirsttime\global\xfirsttimefalse\refstepcounter\@captype\fi\fi\fi
\edef\@currentlabel{\expandafter\csname p@\@captype\endcsname%
\expandafter\csname the\@captype\endcsname}
\xdef\currcaptype{\@captype}
\@dblarg{\@caption\@captype}}

\def\letteredcaption#1{\gdef\theletter{#1}\caption}

%%%%%%%%%

\def\fnum@figure{Figure\ \thefigure}
\def\fnum@table{Table\ \thetable}

%%% <<=== end Figure and Table Captions


%%% Table of Contents, List of Figures, LOT ===>>

\newcommand{\@pnumwidth}{1.55em}
\newcommand{\@tocrmarg} {2.55em}
\newcommand{\@dotsep}{4.5}

\newcommand{\tableofcontents}{%
\ifpreface\global\prefacefalse\else
\setcounter{page}{5}\fi
    \chapter*{\contentsname
        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}%
\rightrunninghead{\contentsname}
{\tocarticletitlefont
\baselineskip=9pt
\vskip1sp
\vskip-90pt  % add by XYQ %was 100pt 8 Nov
%\vskip-14pt   
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\newpage
\markboth{}{}
    }

\newcommand{\sptableofcontents}{%
    \chapter*{\contentsname
        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}%
\rightrunninghead{\contentsname}
{\tocarticletitlefont
\baselineskip=9pt
\vskip1sp
\vskip-14pt
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\newpage
\markboth{}{}
    }
\newskip\tocpartskip
\tocpartskip=8pt plus1pt
\def\l@part#1#2{%
    \vskip\tocpartskip
    \begingroup
      \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      {\leavevmode
\vskip1pt
        \tocarticletitlefont 
Part #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss %#2
}}\par
       \nobreak
         \global\@nobreaktrue
         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}
    \endgroup
}

\def\l@chapter#1#2{%
      \penalty-\@highpenalty
    \vskip 8pt %1.0em \@plus\p@
     \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \leavevmode \tocarticletitlefont
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
      #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
}

% \@dottedtocline{LEVEL}{INDENT}{NUMWIDTH}{TITLE}{PAGE} :
%   Macro to produce a table of contents line with the following
%   parameters:
%     LEVEL    : If LEVEL > \c@tocdepth, then no line produced.
%     INDENT   : Total indentation from the left margin.
%     NUMWIDTH : Width of box for number if the TITLE has a
%                \numberline command.
%                As of 25 Jan 88, this is also the amount of extra indentation
%                added to second and later lines of a multiple line entry.
%     TITLE    : Contents of entry.
%     PAGE     : Page number.
%
%  Uses the following parameters, which must be set by the document style.
%  They should be defined with \def's.
%    \@pnumwidth : Width of box in which page number is set.
%    \@tocrmarg  : Right margin indentation for all but last line of
%                  multiple-line entries.
%    \@dotsep    : Separation between dots, in mu units.  Should be \def'd to
%                  a number like 2 or 1.7
%
\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
\vskip1pt
\ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else \vskip \z@ plus.2\p@ {\leftskip #2\relax 
\rightskip \@tocrmarg \parfillskip -\rightskip \parindent #2\relax 
\@afterindenttrue \interlinepenalty \@M \leavevmode \@tempdima #3\relax 
\advance \leftskip \@tempdima \hbox {}\hskip -\leftskip #4%
\nobreak% \leaders \hbox {$\m@th \mkern
% \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}
\hfill\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth% 
{\hss\reset@font\tocarticletitlefont #5}\par}\fi}


\def\l@section{\tocarticletitlefont\vskip2pt\setlength\@tempdima{18pt}%
\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@author{}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{10em}{5em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{12em}{6em}}

\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
\chapter*{List of Figures}
{\let\\ \ \markboth{\thetitle}{List of Figures}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect \numberline{List of Figures\string\hss}}
\@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol \twocolumn\fi}

\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{0}{1.5em}{2.8em}}

\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \fi\chapter*{List of Tables}{\let\\ \ \markboth
 {\thetitle}{List of Tables}}\@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol
 \twocolumn\fi
 \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect
 \numberline{List of Tables\string\hss}}
}
\let\l@table\l@figure

%%% <<=== end TOC, LOT, LOF

%%% Bibliography, References, Acknowledgements ===>>

% Make \cite yield citation in parenthesis or square brackets.
\def\@cite#1#2{\hskip1sp\relax%<== April 5, 1995, to let it break over lines.
\lcitebracket#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi\rcitebracket}

\def\lcitebracket{}\def\rcitebracket{} % default is no brackets

\def\kluwerbib{
\def\thebibliography##1{\notes\newpage\chapter*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{REFERENCES}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\normalsize
\parindent=-1pc
\leftskip=1pc
\vskip1sp
}

\def\endthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
\newpage}

\def\chapthebibliography##1{\notes\section*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{REFERENCES}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\normalsize
\parindent=-1pc
\leftskip=1pc
\vskip1sp
}

\def\endchapthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
\newpage}

\def\chapreferences{\chapthebibliography{}}
\def\endchapreferences{\endchapthebibliography}

\def\references{\thebibliography{}}
\def\endreferences{\endthebibliography}

\def\newblock{}

\def\lcitebracket{}\def\rcitebracket{}

\def\@bibitem##1{\item\if@filesw 
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##1}{\the \c@enumi}}\fi%
\ignorespaces}

\def\@citex[##1]##2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{##2}}\fi
  \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{;\penalty\@m\ }%
     \def\@tempa####1####2\@nil%
{\edef\@citeb{\if####1\space####2\else####1####2\fi}}%
     \expandafter\@tempa\@citeb\@nil
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{{\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
\expandafter\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}{##1}}


\def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\if@filesw
{\def\protect####1{\string ####1\space}%
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}

\def\@bibitem##1{\par}

} % <======== end kluwerbib

%% default bib style, as opposed to \normallatexbib.
\kluwerbib

%%%%==>>

\def\normallatexbib{
\def\lcitebracket{[}\def\rcitebracket{]} % default is no brackets

\def\thebibliography##1{\newpage\chapter*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{REFERENCES}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{##1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \if@openbib
        \def\newblock{\par}
      \else
        \def\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\normalsize
\vskip1sp
}

\def\endthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
     \def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist
\newpage}

\def\chapthebibliography##1{\notes\section*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{REFERENCES}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{##1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \if@openbib
        \def\newblock{\par}
      \else
        \def\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\normalsize
\itemsep=-1pt
\vskip-12pt
\vskip1sp
\item[]
}

\def\endchapthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
     \def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist
\newpage}

\def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\item[\@biblabel{##1}\hfill]\if@filesw
      {\let\protect\noexpand
       \immediate
       \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}

\def\@bibitem##1{\item\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
       {\string\bibcite{##1}{\the\value{\@listctr}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\let\citation\@gobble
\ifll
\DeclareRobustCommand\cite{%
  \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}}
\def\@citex[##1]##2{%
  \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
     \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
     \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{\mbox{\reset@font\bfseries ?}%
       \G@refundefinedtrue
       \@latex@warning
         {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
       {\expandafter\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{##1}}
\else
\def\cite{\@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}}

\def\@citex[##1]##2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{##2}}\fi
  \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
     \def\@tempa####1####2\@nil{\edef\@citeb{\if####1\space####2\else####1####2\fi}}%
     \expandafter\@tempa\@citeb\@nil
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{{\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
     \expandafter\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}{##1}}
\fi
\let\bibdata=\@gobble
\let\bibstyle=\@gobble
\def\bibliography##1{%
  \if@filesw
    \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibdata{##1}}%
  \fi
  \input{\jobname.bbl}}
\def\bibliographystyle##1{%
  \ifx\@begindocumenthook\@undefined\else
    \expandafter\AtBeginDocument
  \fi
    {\if@filesw
       \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{##1}}%
     \fi}}
\expandafter\let\csname b@*\endcsname\@empty

\def\references{\thebibliography{10}
\item[]
}

\def\endreferences{\endthebibliography}

\def\chapreferences{\chapthebibliography{10}
\item[]
}

\def\endchapreferences{\endchapthebibliography}

}

\let\alphabib\normallatexbib
%% <===

%%%%%% Chapter Bibliography Using BibTeX

\def\chapbblname#1{\def\currentfilename{#1}}

\def\chapbibliography#1{%
\if@filesw \immediate \write \@auxout {\string \bibdata {#1}}\fi 
\expandafter\ifx\csname currentfilename\endcsname\relax
\typeout{^^J^^J As soon as your .bbl file is written,
^^J^^J
!! PLEASE WRITE \string\chapbblname\string{<Your .bbl File Name>\string} !!
^^J\space\space\space before \string\chapbibliography{#1}
^^J^^J
The BibTeX Chapter Bibliography, \string\chapbibliography^^J 
\space\space\space Will not print unless you supply this file name!
^^J^^J
}
\else
{\let\thebibliography\chapthebibliography
\let\endthebibliography\endchapthebibliography
\@input {\currentfilename.bbl}}\fi
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\acknowledgments{\section*{Acknowledgments}
\small}
\let\endacknowledgments\relax

\def\acknowledgment{\section*{Acknowledgment}
\small}
\let\endacknowledgment\relax


%% end Bibliography, References and Acknowledgments


%%% Footnotes ===>>>

  \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule width .4\columnwidth
  \kern 2.6\p@}

\let\savefootnoterule\footnoterule

  \let\footnoterule\relax

\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \noindent
    \@makefnmark#1}

\newcount\footnum
\newcount\savefootnum
\def\endnote#1{\global\advance\footnum by 1\relax$^{\the\footnum}$%
\long\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{%
\vtop{\footnotesize\hsize=\textwidth%\leftskip=12pt\relax\parindent=-12pt
\indent\hbox to12pt{\the\footnum.\hfill}{#1\strut\vskip1sp}}\vskip1pt}}

\let\footnote\endnote

\def\notes{\ifnum\footnum=0\else
\section*{Notes}
\savefootnum=\footnum
\footnum=0
\noindent\loop\ifnum\savefootnum>\footnum%
\global\advance\footnum by1\relax%
\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname\relax%
\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{\relax}\relax%
\repeat\global\footnum=0\relax\fi}


%%% <<<=== End Footnotes



%%% Running heads ===>>>

%% unless we need these, leave these uncommented
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble

\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
 \def\@oddfoot{\iftitle{\hfill\foliofont\thepage}
\global\titlefalse\fi}
 \def\@evenfoot{\iftitle{\foliofont\thepage\hfill}%
\global\titlefalse\fi}
 \def\@evenhead{\iftitle\else{\foliofont \thepage}\hskip1.5pc%
\runningheadfont\lrunninghead\fi\hfill}
 \def\@oddhead{\hfill\iftitle\else{\runningheadfont \rrunninghead}%
\hskip1.5pc\foliofont\thepage\fi}%
% \def\chaptermark##1{\markboth {\uppercase{##1}}{}}%
% \def\sectionmark##1{\markright {\uppercase{##1}}}
}

\markboth{}{}

\ps@headings

\pagestyle{headings}
\pagenumbering{roman}



%% Special use fonts ===>>

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Computer Modern font calls. These will be redefined
%% if PostScript fonts are used.
%%
%% \documentstyle[edbkps]{edbk} will use PostScript fonts.
%% \documentstyle{edbk} will use Computer Modern fonts.

%% Times-Roman
\def\timesroman{cmr10 }

%% Times-Bold
\def\timesbold{cmbx10 }

%% Times-Italic
\def\timesitalic{cmti10 }

%% Times-BoldItalic
\def\timesbolditalic{cmbx10 }

%% Helvetica
\def\helvetica{cmss10 }
\def\helveticamedium{cmss10 }
\def\helveticabold{cmssbx10 }
\def\helveticaoblique{cmsl10 }
\def\helveticaboldoblique{cmsl10 }

%% Special Use Fonts ==>>

%% Table of Contents
  \font\tocarticletitlefont=\helvetica at 9pt %\helvetica, 10pt in spec
  \font\tocauthorfont=\timesitalic at8pt %\helvetica at 8pt %\helveticamedium in spec

%% Running heads
  \font\runningheadfont=\timesroman at8pt
  \font\foliofont=\timesroman at 10pt

%% Book Title, Half title page
  \font\halftitlefont=\helveticamedium at 18pt
  \font\booktitlefont=\helveticamedium at 18pt
  \font\subtitlefont=\helvetica at 12pt
  \font\seriestitlefont=\helveticamedium at 12pt
  \font\professorfont=\helvetica at 8pt
  \font\seriesbookfont=\helveticamedium at 8pt

%% changes from specs made here to compensate for the fact that
%% authors will usually not have helvetica medium

  \font\editorfont=\helveticabold at 9pt %% specs call for \helvetica
  \font\editoraffilfont=\helvetica at 9pt%% specs call for \helveticamedium
  \font\kluwerfont=\helveticabold at 9pt %% specs call for \helveticamedium
  \font\locationfont=\helvetica at 9pt

  \font\copyrightfont=\helveticamedium at 6pt
  \font\copyrighttextfont=\helvetica at 6pt

  \font\dedicationfont=\helvetica at 9pt

%% Part Title
  \font\partfont=\helvetica at 24pt
  \font\partnumberfont=\helvetica at 42pt
  \font\partsubtitle=\helveticaboldoblique at 24pt

%% Chapter Title 
  \font\chapternumberfont=\helvetica at 42pt
  \font\chaptertitlefont=\helvetica at 18pt
  \font\schaptertitlefont=\helveticamedium at 11pt
  \font\chaptersubtitlefont=\helveticaoblique at 18pt
  \font\authorfont=\helvetica at 12pt %% all caps
  \font\affilfont=\helvetica at 9pt %% all caps
  \font\emailfont=\helvetica at 8pt %% all caps


%% Section heads
  \font\sectionfont=\helveticabold at 10pt
  \font\subsectionfont=\helveticaboldoblique at 10pt
  \font\subsubsectionfont=\timesbold at 10pt
  \font\paragraphfont=\timesbolditalic at 10pt

%% Caption 
  \font\fignumfont=\helveticabold at 9pt
  \font\figtextfont=\helvetica at 9pt
  \font\tabtextfont=\helvetica at 9pt

%% Table fonts
  \font\tabletitlefont=\helvetica at 9pt
  \def\tablefontsize{\small}
  \def\tablefootnotesize{\footnotesize}

%% References/Bibliography
\def\bibfontsize{\small}

%% Text fonts
\font\bit=\timesbolditalic at 10pt

%% Fake Small Caps
\font\bigscfont\timesroman at 9.5pt
\font\smscfont\timesroman at 7.5pt

%%

%%% <=== end special use fonts

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Fake Small Caps

% To use: \fakesc some stuff*
%% \bigscfont, \smscfont are listed in font section above.

\def\fakesc#1*{\edef\stuff{#1 }%
\expandafter\pickupnewword\stuff* }
\def\saveast{*}

\def\rrelax{\relax}

\def\pickupnewlett#1{\def\letter{#1}%
\ifx\letter\saveast\unskip% 
\let\go\relax \else%  
\ifx\letter\rrelax{\bigscfont\ }%
\let\go\pickupnewword\else% 
\uppercase{\def\ucletter{#1}%  upper case letter
\ifx\letter\ucletter%
{\bigscfont#1}\else{\smscfont#1}\fi}%% 
\let\go\pickupnewlett\fi\fi\go}

\def\pickupnewword#1 {\expandafter\pickupnewlett#1\relax}
%% <== end fakesc

%% Algorithm

{\obeylines

\gdef\looker{\ifx\next\lineending\vskip-4pt%
\noindent\qquad\else%
\ifx\next\end\vskip-4pt\let^^M\ \else%
\vskip0pt\noindent\qquad\fi\fi}

\gdef\lineending{\parfillskip=0pt plus1fil\relax\futurelet\next\looker}

\gdef\algorithm{\medskip
\def\note##1{\parfillskip=0pt\hfill##1}\def\ {\qquad}%
\baselineskip=12pt\parskip=2pt\obeylines\let^^M=\lineending}


\gdef\endalgorithm{\medskip}

\gdef\algorithm{\bgroup\obeylines\obeyspaces\def\ {\quad}
\def\note##1{\parfillskip=0pt\hfill##1}
\leftskip=2pc\relax\let^^M=\lineending\relax}

\gdef\endalgorithm{\medskip\egroup}

}% end of obeylines

%% code example

\newif\ifcodeon
\newif\ifneedspace
{\obeylines\obeyspaces

\gdef\codelooker{\ifx\next\lineending\vskip-4pt%
\noindent\else%
\ifx\next\end\vskip-4pt\let^^M\ \else%
\vskip0pt\noindent\fi\fi}

\gdef\codelineending{\relax\futurelet\next\codelooker}

\gdef\codesamp{\medskip\global\codeontrue\baselineskip=12pt%
\parskip=2pt\tt\obeylines\obeyspaces\let^^M=\codelineending}
\gdef\endcodesamp{\global\codeonfalse\vskip2pt}

\gdef\spcodesamp{\baselineskip=12pt%
\parskip=2pt\tt\obeylines\obeyspaces\let^^M=\codelineending}

\gdef\codebox#1{\let\go\relax%
\ifcodeon\else\global\needspacetrue\let\go\spcodesamp\fi\go%
\global\dimen1=#1\relax\global\setbox0=\vbox\bgroup}

\gdef\endcodebox{\ifneedspace\global\needspacefalse\vskip\baselineskip\fi%
\egroup%
\vtop to \ht0{\vskip-3pt\hrule\hbox to\dimen1{\vrule height\ht0%
\hfill\vrule height\ht0 depth \dp0}\hrule\vss}%
\nobreak\vskip-\ht0\rlap{\hskip6pt\vbox{\unvbox0}}}}
%% <== end algorithm

%% ==> glossary
\def\glossary{\section*{GLOSSARY}
\everypar={}
\bgroup\leftskip=1pc \parindent=-1pc}
\def\term#1{\vskip2pt{\bf #1}\hskip1em\relax}
\def\endglossary{\vskip12pt\egroup}
%% <==

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Index ===>>>


% latex default
\ifll
\newenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Index}]
\markboth{INDEX}{INDEX}
\footnotesize
                \parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
{\endmulticols
\onecolumn
\normalsize
\thispagestyle{empty}
\pagestyle{empty}
\leftskip=0pt\vskip1sp}
\newcommand{\@idxitem}  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand{\subitem}   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand{\subsubitem}{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand{\indexspace}{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\else
\newenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Index}]
\markboth{INDEX}{INDEX}
\footnotesize
 \parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
{\endmulticols
\onecolumn
\normalsize
\thispagestyle{empty}
\pagestyle{empty}
\leftskip=0pt\vskip1sp}
\newcommand{\@idxitem}  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand{\subitem}   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand{\subsubitem}{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand{\indexspace}{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\fi
%%% <<<=== end latex default Index

%%%%%%% Index Formatting

\def\testforadd{\addtoindex}

\def\seealso#1{\hskip16pt{\it See also\ }{#1}}

\def\ltr#1{\nobreak\vskip5pt
\hrule
\nobreak
\vskip3pt
{\bf#1}
\nobreak
\vskip5pt}

\let\saveangle>

\newif\ifnosrtfile
\def\newinput#1{\openin1 #1 \ifeof1 \typeout{^^J^^JWarning:
There is no file #1.^^J^^J\space\space \string\kluwerprintindex\space
will not work without a \jobname.srt file.^^J^^J
\space\space Please run your sorting program 
on \jobname.inx\space
to produce \jobname.srt.^^J^^J}\global\nosrtfiletrue\else
\global\nosrtfilefalse\closein1 \relax\input #1\fi}


{\catcode`>=\active
\gdef\kluwerprintindex{
\catcode`>=\active%
\let>\doindex
\newinput{\jobname.srt} \catcode`\*=12 \catcode`>=12
\ifnosrtfile\let\doitnow\relax\else\let\doitnow\doindexending\fi
\doitnow
}

\gdef\doindexending{
\vskip-14pt
\endmulticols
\onecolumn
\thispagestyle{empty}
\pagestyle{empty}
\leftskip=0pt\vskip1sp}

}


\newif\if@restonecol
\def\doindex #1{\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Index}]
\markboth{INDEX}{INDEX}
\bgroup
\footnotesize
\noindent\ \unskip
\vskip-\baselineskip
\parindent=-\indexwrap \leftskip=\indexwrap
\def\,{\ifmmode\typeout{mmode^^J^^J}\mskip\thinmuskip\else\comma\fi}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Index}
\columnsep 35pt
\hfuzz=.5in
\def\checker{#1}
\widowpenalty0
\clubpenalty0
\parskip=0pt plus.001pt
\raggedright
\ifx\checker\testforadd\let\next=\relax\else\let\next=\beginindex\fi\next #1}


%%%%%%  Index Entries

\newwrite\innx

\immediate\openout\innx=\jobname.inx

\newif\ifsilent
\newif\ifnotsilent

\newcount\spcount
\def\oneast{\global\spcount=1}
\def\twoast{\global\spcount=2}

\def\astsplit#1*#2#3{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}\if#2\relax%
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\writeit{#1}%
\else\if#3\relax
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\writeita{#1}\else
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\writeitb{#1}\fi\fi%
\ifnotsilent#1\global\notsilentfalse\fi}

\def\pickup#1{\astsplit#1*\relax\relax}
\def\inx#1{\global\notsilenttrue\pickup{#1}}
\def\inxx#1{\astsplit#1*\relax\relax}

\def\romannums{\csname @roman\endcsname\c@page}

\def\writeit#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{%
\pagenumzeros\the\count0\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0}}\fi}

\def\writeita#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\oneast\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\oneast}}\fi}

\def\writeitb#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\twoast\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\twoast}}\fi}

\write\innx{\noexpand>}
\write\innx{\noexpand~}

%% end sending to index

%% start formatting index

%%% Index Macros
%%% Copyright 1992, Amy Hendrickson
%%% TeXnology, Inc.
%%% All rights reserved.


\def\indexit#1{{\it\expandafter\capthis #1}}
\def\indexbf#1{{\bf\expandafter\capthis #1}}
\def\indexsl#1{{\sl\expandafter\capthis #1}}
\def\indextt#1{{\tt\expandafter\capthis #1}}

\def\lcindexit#1{{\it #1}}
\def\lcindexbf#1{{\bf #1}}
\def\lcindexsl#1{{\sl #1}}
\def\lcindextt#1{{\tt #1}}


\def\module{}\def\rightmodule{}
\def\splittocstuff#1{\global\indxnum=#1}

\def\onward{}

\def\addtoindex{\par}
\def\endadd #1{\def\lfe{#1}\if\lfe\noexpand~
\let\more=\relax\let\lfe=\onecolumn\else
\ifx\lfe\munge\let\more=\relax\else
\ifx\lfe\testforadd\vskip1pt\let\more\relax\else
\par\let\more=\beginindex\fi\fi\fi
\expandafter\more\lfe}

\newcount\indxnum
\newcount\oldindxnum

\def\comma{,\ }
\def\go{}
\def\compare{}
\def\eatthree#1,#2,{}
\def\eattwo#1,{}
\def\oldthreecol{}
\def\oldtwocol{}
\def\oldonecol{}

\newbox\savenumbox

\def\eatcommas{\ifx\twocol\empty%
\let\eat=\relax
\else
   \ifx\threecol\empty\let\eat=\eattwo\else
      \let\eat=\eatthree
    \fi
\fi\eat}

\def\splitoff#1,#2,#3,{\gdef\onecol{#1}\gdef\twocol{#2}%
\gdef\threecol{#3}\eatcommas}
\def\endin{}
\def\testind{\endin}
\def\testadd{\addtoindex}
\def\oldcompare{}
\newif\ifendindex
\newif\ifsavenum
\newcount\saveindxnum
\newif\ifnnum
\newdimen\indexwrap
\newdimen\indexindent


\def\endindx{\vskip1sp\egroup
\@normalsize}

\newif\ifromanon

\def\beginindex #1 |#2 #3{%
\parindent=-\indexwrap \leftskip=\indexwrap%
\def\module{}\let\oldrightmodule=\rightmodule%
\def\rightmodule{}%
\setbox0=\hbox{\expandafter\splittocstuff{#2}}%
\global\oldindxnum=\saveindxnum\relax%
\def\changenums{\ifnum\spcount<1%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
, {\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}\else%
\ifnum\spcount=1% 
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
, \underbar{\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}%
\relax\global\spcount=0%
\else\ifnum\spcount=2%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\relax%
\global\spcount=0\fi%
\global\spcount=0, {\bf\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}%
\fi\fi\fi}%
\def\comparenums{\ifnum\oldindxnum=0\changenums\else%%%%
\ifnum\indxnum=\oldindxnum%
\ifx\oldrightmodule\rightmodule\relax%
\else%
, {\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}\fi%
\else%
\advance\oldindxnum by 1\relax%
\ifnum\indxnum=\oldindxnum%
\ifnum\spcount=1%
\gdef\numinbox{\underbar{\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}}%
\global\nnumtrue%
\else%
\ifnum\spcount=2\gdef\numinbox{\bf\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}%
\global\nnumtrue%
\else%
\gdef\numinbox{\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}\fi\fi%
\setbox\savenumbox=\hbox{--\hskip1sp\numinbox}%
\global\spcount=0%
\global\savenumtrue%
    \else%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\changenums%
\else%
\changenums\fi\fi\fi\fi}%
\def\compare{#1}% now compare words
\ifx\compare\oldcompare\comparenums% 
\else\splitoff#1,{},{},%
\ifx\onecol\oldonecol%
\ifx\twocol\empty%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\par\global\oldindxnum=0 
\expandafter\capthis\onecol\comparenums%
\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}\else%% 
\ifx\twocol\oldtwocol%
\ifx\threecol\empty\else%
\ifx\threecol\oldthreecol\else%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\ifx\onecol\lastonecol\else\par\expandafter\capthis%
\onecol\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}\fi%
\ifx\twocol\lasttwocol\else\par\hskip\indexindent\twocol%
\xdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}\fi%
\par\global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
\hskip2\indexindent\threecol\comparenums%% ***
\fi\fi\else%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\global\oldindxnum=0\relax
\ifx\threecol\empty% 
  \ifx\onecol\lastonecol\else\par%
\expandafter\capthis\onecol\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}\fi%
  \par\hskip\indexindent\twocol\comparenums%% ***
  \xdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}%
\else%% this is just for error control, 
%% when author has new third level
%% but neglects second level entry.
\ifx\onecol\lastonecol\else\par%
\expandafter\capthis\onecol\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}\fi%
\ifx\twocol\lasttwocol\else\par\hskip\indexindent\twocol%
\xdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}\fi%
\par\hskip2\indexindent\threecol\comparenums% ***
\fi%
\fi\fi\else\ifx\twocol\empty%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi% 
\par\global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
\expandafter\capthis\onecol\comparenums%
\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}%
\else\ifx\threecol\empty%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
\ifx\onecol\lastonecol\else\par%
\expandafter\capthis\onecol\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}\fi%
\par\hskip\indexindent\twocol\comparenums%% ***
\else%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
\ifx\onecol\lastonecol\else\par%
\expandafter\capthis\onecol\xdef\lastonecol{\onecol}\fi%
\ifx\twocol\lasttwocol\else\par\hskip\indexindent\twocol%
\xdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}\fi%
\par\hskip2\indexindent\threecol\comparenums% ***
\fi\fi\fi\fi%
\gdef\oldcompare{#1}%
\global\saveindxnum=\indxnum%
\ifnnum\global\saveindxnum=0\global\nnumfalse\fi%
\global\let\oldonecol=\onecol\relax%
\global\let\oldtwocol=\twocol% 
\global\let\oldthreecol=\threecol% 
\def\turnoff{#3}\ifx\turnoff\testadd% 
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\let\go=\relax\else\ifx\turnoff\testind\let\go=\relax%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi\else%
\ifx\turnoff\sptilde\let\go=\endindx%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\unskip\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\else\let\go=\beginindex\fi\fi\fi\global\romanonfalse\go#3}

\def\sptilde{~}

%% CHANGE INDEX FORMAT HERE ====>

%% If you DO NOT want the first letter of each first level index
%% entry to be capitalized, delete the % in front of the following line, 
%% and put % in front of the next line:

%\let\capthis\relax
\def\capthis#1{\uppercase{#1}}%

\indexindent=8pt %% indentation for index subentries
\indexwrap=24pt  %% indentation when term is too wide for column,
                 %% continues on following lines indented this much.




%%%%%
%% Frank Mittlebach's multicol macros, minus comments and
%% irrelevancies.

\def\multicols#1{\col@number#1\relax
  \@ifnextchar[\mult@cols{\mult@cols[]}}

\def\mult@cols[#1]{\@ifnextchar[%
  {\mult@@cols{#1}}%
  {\mult@@cols{#1}[\premulticols]}}

\def\mult@@cols#1[#2]{%
   \enough@room#2%
   #1\nobreak\par%\addvspace\multicolsep 
   \begingroup
   \prepare@multicols\ignorespaces}

\def\enough@room#1{\par \penalty\z@
   \page@free \pagegoal
   \advance \page@free -\pagetotal
   \ifdim \page@free <#1\newpage \fi}

\def\prepare@multicols{%
  \output{\global\setbox\partial@page
                 \vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}}\eject
  \vbadness9999 \hbadness5000
  \tolerance\multicoltolerance 
  \doublecol@number\col@number
  \multiply\doublecol@number\tw@
  \advance\baselineskip\multicolbaselineskip
  \advance\@colroom-\ht\partial@page
  \vsize\col@number\@colroom
  \advance\vsize\c@collectmore\baselineskip
  \hsize\columnwidth \advance\hsize\columnsep
  \advance\hsize-\col@number\columnsep
  \divide\hsize\col@number 
  \linewidth\hsize 
  \output{\multi@columnout}%
%  \multiply\count\footins\col@number
%  \multiply\skip \footins\col@number
  \reinsert@footnotes}

\def\endmulticols{\parskip=0pt
\par\penalty\z@
  \output{\balance@columns}\eject\nobreak%
\endgroup
}

\newcount\c@unbalance     \c@unbalance   = 0
\newcount\c@collectmore   \c@collectmore = 0

\newcount\col@number 
\newcount\doublecol@number
\newcount\multicoltolerance
                   \multicoltolerance = 9999
\newdimen\page@free
\newdimen\premulticols  \premulticols = 50pt
\newdimen\postmulticols \postmulticols= 50pt
\newskip\multicolsep 
      \multicolsep =0pt

\newskip\multicolbaselineskip 
                   \multicolbaselineskip=0pt
\newbox\partial@page

\def\process@cols#1#2{\count@#1\relax
     \loop #2%
     \advance\count@\tw@
     \ifnum\count@<\doublecol@number 
   \repeat}


\def\page@sofar{\unvbox\partial@page 
   \process@cols\z@{\wd\count@\hsize}%
\hbox to\textwidth{%
     \process@cols\tw@{\box\count@\hss}%
\box\z@}
}


\def\reinsert@footnotes{\ifvoid\footins\else
         \insert\footins{\unvbox\footins}\fi}

\def\multi@columnout{%
   \ifnum\outputpenalty <-\@Mi
   \speci@ls \else
   \splittopskip\topskip 
   \splitmaxdepth\maxdepth
   \dimen@\@colroom
   \divide\skip\footins\col@number
   \ifvoid\footins \else
      \advance\dimen@-\skip\footins 
      \advance\dimen@-\ht\footins   \fi
   \process@cols\tw@{\setbox\count@
            \vsplit\@cclv to\dimen@}%
   \setbox\z@\vsplit\@cclv to\dimen@
   \ifvoid\@cclv \else 
       \unvbox\@cclv
       \penalty\outputpenalty\fi     
   \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\page@sofar}%
   \@makecol\@outputpage
   \global\@colroom\@colht
   \process@deferreds
   \global\vsize\col@number\@colroom 
   \global\advance\vsize
      \c@collectmore\baselineskip
   \multiply\skip\footins\col@number\fi}

\def\speci@ls{%
   \unvbox\@cclv\reinsert@footnotes
   \gdef\@currlist{}}

\def\process@deferreds{%
   \@floatplacement 
   \begingroup
    \let\@tempb\@deferlist
    \gdef\@deferlist{}%
    \let\@elt\@scolelt
      \@tempb \endgroup}

\newif\ifshr@nking

\def\raggedcolumns{%
   \@bsphack\shr@nkingtrue\@esphack}

\def\flushcolumns{%
   \@bsphack\shr@nkingfalse\@esphack}

\newcount\loopcount

\newdimen\savedimen
\newdimen\fixdimen

\def\escapeloop{\gdef\iterate{}}

\let\saveiterate\iterate

\def\balance@columns{%
\loopcount=0
\fixdimen=0pt
   \splittopskip\topskip
   \splitmaxdepth\maxdepth
   \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}\dimen@\ht\z@
   \advance\dimen@\col@number\topskip
   \advance\dimen@-\col@number\baselineskip
   \divide\dimen@\col@number
   \advance\dimen@\c@unbalance\baselineskip
   {\vbadness\@M \loop
   {\process@cols\@ne{\global\setbox\count@
                              \box\voidb@x}}%
     \global\setbox\@ne\copy\z@
     {\process@cols\thr@@{\savedimen\ht\@ne \advance\savedimen by-\dimen@
\global\setbox\count@ \vsplit\@ne to\dimen@ 
\ifdim\savedimen>\ht\@ne % AH: TeX was forced to make box bigger than \dimen@.
\advance\savedimen by-\ht\@ne \advance\savedimen by -7.1pt 
\ifdim\savedimen>\fixdimen \global\fixdimen\savedimen\fi\fi}}%
    \ifdim\ht\@ne >\ht\thr@@
    \global\advance\dimen@\p@%.5\baselineskip
\global\advance\loopcount by1
\ifnum\loopcount=90 \escapeloop\fi
   \repeat}%
\let\iterate\saveiterate
\dimen@\ht\thr@@  
\ifdim\fixdimen>0pt \advance\dimen@ by \fixdimen\fi
   \process@cols\z@{\@tempcnta\count@ 
        \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
        \setbox\count@\vtop to\dimen@
           {\unvbox\@tempcnta
           \ifshr@nking\vfill\fi}
}%
   \global\vsize\@colroom 
   \global\advance\vsize\ht\partial@page
   \page@sofar
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Draft

\def\draft{\def\@oddfoot{\vtop to 0pt{\vskip24pt\large\tt
D R A F T\hfill\today, \realtime\hfill D R A F T\global\titlefalse\vss}}
\def\@evenfoot{\@oddfoot}}

\def\fix{\ifcase\oldtime 0\or0\or0\or%
0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\fi}
\def\fixtiming{\ifcase\timing 0\or0\or0\or% 
0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\fi}
\newcount\timing 
\newcount\hourcount
\newcount\oldtime 

\def\realtime{\timing=\time \oldtime=\time
\ifnum\timing>60 \divide\timing by 60
\hourcount=\the\timing
\multiply\timing by 60
\advance\oldtime by-\timing
\ifnum\hourcount<12 \number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime am\fi%
\ifnum\hourcount=12 \number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime pm\fi%
\ifnum\hourcount>12 \advance\hourcount by-12
\number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime pm\fi
\else12:\fixtiming\number\timing am\fi}

\newcommand{\today}{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day, \number\year}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Cropmarks
\newif\ifcropmarkson
\def\printcropmarks{\global\cropmarksontrue}

\newdimen\widthofcropmarks
\widthofcropmarks=36pc%35pc
\newdimen\raisetopcropmarks
\raisetopcropmarks=-1pc
\newdimen\raisebottomcropmarks
\raisebottomcropmarks-6pc
\newdimen\movecropmarksright
\movecropmarksright2pc


\def\topcropmarks{\ifcropmarkson
\vtop to0pt{\vss
\hbox to0pt{\hskip\movecropmarksright\hbox to0pt{\hss%
\hbox to1pc{\hrulefill\hskip3pt}\raise6pt\hbox{\vrule height 1pc}}%
\hskip\widthofcropmarks%
\hbox to0pt{%
\raise6pt\hbox{\vrule height 1pc}\hbox to1pc{\hskip3pt\hrulefill}\hss}\hss}%
\vskip\raisetopcropmarks}
\fi}

\def\bottomcropmarks{\ifcropmarkson
\vtop to0pt{\vskip-\raisebottomcropmarks
\hbox to0pt{\hskip\movecropmarksright\hbox to0pt{\hss%
\hbox to1pc{\hrulefill\hskip3pt}\lower6pt\hbox{\vrule depth 1pc height 0pt}}%
\hskip\widthofcropmarks%
\hbox to0pt{%
\lower6pt\hbox{\vrule depth 1pc height0pt}\hbox to1pc{\hskip3pt\hrulefill}\hss}\hss}%
\vss}\fi}


\ifll
%% From default LaTeX2e except for parts marked ` <=== new '
\gdef\@outputpage{\begingroup 
\let\protect\noexpand\@resetactivechars\let \-\@dischyph
\let\'\@acci \let\`\@accii \let\=\@acciii \let\\\@normalcr \let\par\@@par 
\shipout\vbox{\topcropmarks%  <=== new 
\set@typeset@protect 
\aftergroup \endgroup \aftergroup \set@typeset@protect 
\if@specialpage \global \@specialpagefalse \@nameuse {ps@\@specialstyle }\fi 
\if@twoside \ifodd \count \z@ \let \@thehead \@oddhead \let \@thefoot 
\@oddfoot \let \@themargin \oddsidemargin \else \let \@thehead \@evenhead 
\let \@thefoot \@evenfoot \let \@themargin \evensidemargin \fi \fi 
\reset@font \normalsize \baselineskip \z@skip \lineskip \z@skip 
\lineskiplimit \z@ \@begindvi \vskip \topmargin \moveright \@themargin 
\vbox {\setbox \@tempboxa \vbox to\headheight 
{\vfil \color@hbox \normalcolor \hb@xt@ \textwidth {\let \label \@gobble 
\let \index \@gobble \let \glossary \@gobble \@thehead }
\color@endbox }\dp \@tempboxa \z@ \box\@tempboxa \vskip\headsep
\box\@outputbox \baselineskip \footskip \color@hbox \normalcolor 
\hb@xt@ \textwidth {\let \label \@gobble \let \index \@gobble 
\let \glossary \@gobble \@thefoot }\color@endbox }\bottomcropmarks%  <=== new 
}%
\global\@colht\textheight \stepcounter {page}\let \firstmark \botmark}
\else
%% From default LaTeX 2.09 except for parts marked ` <=== new '
\gdef\@outputpage{\begingroup\catcode`\ =10
     \let\-\@dischyph \let\'\@acci \let\`\@accii \let\=\@acciii
    \if@specialpage
     \global\@specialpagefalse\@nameuse{ps@\@specialstyle}\fi
     \if@twoside
       \ifodd\count\z@ \let\@thehead\@oddhead \let\@thefoot\@oddfoot
            \let\@themargin\oddsidemargin
          \else \let\@thehead\@evenhead
          \let\@thefoot\@evenfoot \let\@themargin\evensidemargin
     \fi\fi
     \shipout
     \vbox{\topcropmarks%  <=== new 
\reset@font %% RmS 91/08/15
           \normalsize \baselineskip\z@ \lineskip\z@
           \let\par\@@par %% 15 Sep 87
           \vskip \topmargin \moveright\@themargin
           \vbox{\setbox\@tempboxa
                   \vbox to\headheight{\vfil \hbox to\textwidth
                                       {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
                                        \let\glossary\@gobble %% 21 Jun 91
                                         \@thehead}}% %% 22 Feb 87
                 \dp\@tempboxa\z@
                 \box\@tempboxa
                 \vskip \headsep
                 \box\@outputbox
                 \baselineskip\footskip
                 \hbox to\textwidth{\let\label\@gobble
                           \let\index\@gobble  %% 22 Feb 87
                           \let\glossary\@gobble %% 21 Jun 91
                           \@thefoot}}\bottomcropmarks%  <=== new 
}%
\global\@colht\textheight
           \endgroup\stepcounter{page}\let\firstmark\botmark}
\fi


\newif\ifturnoffs
\def\turnoff{\global\turnoffstrue
\pagestyle{empty}}


%% These are for compatibility with 2e.
\def\_{\leavevmode \kern .06em \vbox {\hrule width.3em}}

\def\@ldots{\mathinner {\mathchar"613A \mathchar"613A \mathchar"613A }}             
\def\ldots{\relax \ifmmode \@ldots \else \mbox {$\m@th \@ldots \,$}\fi} 


%%%% \bio macro will make hanging indentation for photo
%%%% Use:
%%%% \picturewidth=<dimen>
%%%% \picturedepth=<dimen>
%%%% \bio{<name>}{<biography...>}

\newdimen\picturewidth
\newdimen\picturedepth
\newcount\linenumber
\newcount\parlinenumber

\def\pickuppar#1\par#2\par#3\par#4\par%
{\gdef\lookatpar{#1}\gdef\lookatpartwo{#2}
\gdef\lookatparthree{#3}\gdef\lookatparfour{#4}}

\long\def\bio#1#2{\bigskip{\footnotesize \parskip=0pt \parindent=6pt
\linenumber=\picturedepth % change from dimension to counter because
                          % we want to end up with a number not a dimension.
\divide\linenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\linenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
%
% To use \pickuppar to pick up the first paragraph:
\setbox0=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \pickuppar
\noindent{\bf #1\ }#2\par\vskip1sp\par\vskip1sp\par\vskip1sp\par}
%
% To see height of first paragraph:
\setbox0=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatpar\vskip1sp}
\setbox1=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatpartwo
\vskip1sp}
\setbox2=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatparthree
\vskip1sp}
\setbox3=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatparfour
\vskip1sp}
% If there are enough lines available to fit picture in first paragraph:
\ifdim\ht0>\picturedepth
\hangindent=\picturewidth
\hangafter=-\linenumber
\noindent{\bf #1\ }#2
\else
% Now we will use two paragraphs to do the wrapping:
\parlinenumber=\ht0 % To see how many lines will be indented in first par
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber 
\everypar={\global\everypar={
\hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber
\global\everypar={\doboxone 
\ifnum\linenumber>0
\hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber\fi
\global\everypar={\ifnum\linenumber>0
\doboxtwo 
\ifnum\linenumber>0
\hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber\fi
\else
\hangindent=0pt \hangafter=0
\fi
\everypar={\global\everypar={\ifnum\linenumber>0
\doboxthree
\ifnum\linenumber>0
 \hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber\fi
\else
\hangindent=0pt \hangafter=0
\fi}}}}}}
\hangindent=\picturewidth
\hangafter=-\parlinenumber
\noindent{\bf #1\ }#2\fi
\vskip1sp}\global\everypar={}}

\def\doboxone{\parlinenumber=\ht1 
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber\relax}

\def\doboxtwo{\parlinenumber=\ht2 
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber\relax}

\def\doboxthree{\parlinenumber=\ht3 
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber\relax}


%% How many levels of section head would you like numbered?
%% 0= no section numbers, 1= section, 2= subsection, 3= subsubsection
%%==>>
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}


%% How many levels of section head would you like to appear in the
%% Table of Contents?
%% 0= chapter titles, 1= section titles, 2= subsection titles, 
%% 3= subsubsection titles.
%%==>>
\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}

%% Make adjustments for old versions of LaTeX2.09 ==>>
\expandafter\ifx\csname reset@font\endcsname\relax
\global\let\reset@font\relax
%%
\gdef\quote{\small\list {}{\rightmargin \leftmargin }\item []}
\gdef\endquote{\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne \endtrivlist}
%%
\gdef\endfigure{%
\par \vskip\z@\egroup \ifnum \@floatpenalty <\z@ \@cons \@currlist \@currbox 
\ifdim \ht \@currbox >\textheight \ht \@currbox \textheight \fi 
\ifnum \@floatpenalty < -\@Mii \penalty -\@Miv \@tempdima \prevdepth 
\vbox {} \prevdepth \@tempdima \penalty \@floatpenalty 
\else \vadjust {\penalty -\@Miv \vbox {}\penalty \@floatpenalty}%
\@esphack\fi\fi}
%%
\gdef\endtable{%
\par \vskip \z@ \egroup \ifnum \@floatpenalty <\z@ \@cons \@currlist 
\@currbox \ifdim \ht \@currbox >\textheight \ht\@currbox\textheight\fi 
\ifnum \@floatpenalty < -\@Mii \penalty -\@Miv \@tempdima \prevdepth 
\vbox {} \prevdepth \@tempdima \penalty \@floatpenalty \else 
\vadjust {\penalty -\@Miv \vbox {}\penalty \@floatpenalty }\@esphack\fi\fi}
%%
\def\enddescription{%
\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne \endtrivlist}%
\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\def\thetheorem{\thesection.\the\c@theorem}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
\def\thedefinition{\thesection.\the\c@definition}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[section]
\def\thecorollary{\thesection.\the\c@corollary}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[section]
\def\thelemma{\thesection.\the\c@lemma}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}[section]
\def\theproposition{\thesection.\the\c@proposition}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}[section]
\def\theexample{\thesection.\the\c@example}
\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}[section]
\def\theremark{\thesection.\the\c@remark}
\endinput

Change Log
------------
August 11, 1997
Made \kluwerprintindex

July 15, 1997
Made chapbibliography heading have same size blank space
before items whether or not BibTeX is used.

Changed
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\cal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\mit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}
to
\DeclareRobustCommand{\cal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\mit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}

June 27, 1997
Made multiple citations have `;' between them, ie [fred, 1997; ginger, 1998]

June 26, 1997
Made it possible for citation `foobar, 1996' to break over lines.

June 25, 1997
Let multiple editors and affiliations be used, i.e.,
\editor{First Editor} 
\edaffil{First Affiliation} 

\editor{Second Editor} 
\edaffil{Second Affiliation} 

and,

Took citation out of hbox to let it from break over lines.


May 12, 1997
Got rid of space in definition of \theequation that was
causing an extra space in equation reference.

Apr 20, 1997
Redid bibliography, to make \normallatexbib and \kluwerbib
so that none of the normal latex bib styles are disabled.

Fixed \thefigure and \thetable in appendix so that they
use appendix letter.

Mar 14, 1997
Added \notes to \chapbibliography

Mar 10, 
Added chapter number to equation number in chapter
appendix.

Mar 6, 1997
Changed equation number in appendices, to only appendix letter
and equation number.

Feb 28, 97
Added theorem env., made theorem numbering change in appendices.

Feb 20, 97
made \author[author name to toc]{author} work right.

%% from book.cls
\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1.5em
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\chapter*{\bibname
        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\bibname}}{\uppercase{\bibname}}}%

     {\def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
%\newcommand{\newblock}{}

%%%%


\def\thebibliography#1{\newpage\chapter*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{REFERENCES}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
 \ifalphabib
 \list{}{\leftmargin1pc
 \labelwidth=20pt
 \listparindent-1pc
 \itemindent1pc
 \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
             \item[]
 \leavevmode\ \unskip\vskip-12pt
\else
  \ifnumberedbib
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \if@openbib
        \renewcommand{\newblock}{\par}
      \else
        \renewcommand{\newblock}{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m
 \fi\fi
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\normalsize
\ifalphabib\else
\ifplainbib
\parindent=-1pc
\leftskip=1pc
\fi
\fi
\vskip1sp
}

----



\def\chapthebibliography{\notes\section*{References}
\vskip1sp
\gdef\rrunninghead{\uppercase{REFERENCES}}
 \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect
 \numberline{References\string\hss}}
\everypar={}
\ifalphabib
\vskip-12pt
\vskip1sp
\list{}{\leftmargin1pc
\listparindent.5pc
\itemindent10pt %
\parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
            \item[]\fi
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\normalsize
\vskip1sp
}

\def\endchapthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
\newpage
\gdef\rrunninghead{}}