Answer at least two of the questions below.

• Do you think the issues discussed in this chapter work the same in Chinese as they do in English, or do you think "meaning" in Chinese is different from "meaning" in English? Why or why not?
• One distinction that is not directly discussed in the Portner reading is the distinction between sense and reference. The "sense" of an expression (a word or group of words) is the meaning of the expression; this chapter discusses at length what constitutes an expression's "meaning". The "reference" is the thing in the real world that the expression refers to (for example, "my cat" refers to an actual cat in the real world; if a different cat-owner says this same expression "my cat", they will be saying something that means the same thing as what I said, but refers to a different cat). As the chapter discusses, meaning is more than just what something refers to in the world. Give an example of two of the following things:
  
  • An expression that has no reference (i.e., doesn't refer to any real thing in the real world)
  • Two expressions with the same sense but different references
  • Two expressions with the same reference but different senses
• Make up an example of a situation in which the semantic meaning of a sentence is different from the speaker's meaning.