GRB

2-Dimensions (x,y)

3-Dimensions (x,y,z)

Projecting 2D features onto 3D surfaces.

4-Dimensions (x,y,z,time)

Concept of Big Data. Velocity (speed of transfer) of data, Variety (diversity) of data, Veracity (accuracy) of data, Volume (amount) of data.

Use to model spatial relationship between topological elements.

Model designed for exploring an established theory.

Models for modelling theories yet to be established.

A display of GPR trace in form of wavelets.

Map Generalization technique, to compress textual information into a cleaner/crisp presentation.

Orientation of photo in the correct datum in the real world situation, scaled and set to the correct azimuth.

A single reciever measuring its range from the minimum of 4 satellites to define its coordinate position.

The temperature of an object on a scale(K,Kelvin) where 0 is taken as absolute zero (-273.15°C=0K).

Photograph modelling method to solve 3D positiong problem by arranging photographs in a what that projection rays intersect and the coordinates of ground control points equal to the specified values.

Boundaries (or parts of boundaries) of land that are adjacent to the property/land/plot/parcel in survey.

Alternating Current

Academic domain knowledge, relating to the selected discipline and subjects rather than practical or technical skills.

Rate of change of velocity over time.

1) The concept of how accessible an object, location, facility is for a person. 2) In spatial analysis, it refers to the measurement of the spatial relationship between two objects.

Image Analysis Technique. Modelling of spatial accessibility of services/facilities according to network constraints.

Degree of nearness of (observed) quantities to the true value, often dependent on the scale of survey and procedures used.

A measure used to assess the the accuracy between known reference data and the corresponding rusult of classification.

Unsaturated, near-neutral colour generally black, white or gray.

See definition on Echo Sounding.

Energy absorption by medium as sound propagates, it is dependent on the frequency of sound and properties of the medium.

Measure of opposition presented by a medium/system when acoustic pressure (e.g., sound wave) is applied.

Measurement of power of sound within a medium per unit area, different to sound pressure.

Change in pressure caused by sound energy.

Remote Sensing Technique. Use of sound waves to detect distances/locations natural phenomena (objects) underneath water/land surfaces. (E.g. SONAR, Seismogram)

Logitudinal waves travelling with the speed of sound (dependent on medium) with properties of diffraction, reflection and interference.

A remote sensing scanning mothod using a rotating or scillating mirror that scans the terrain along scan lines which are at right angles to the flight direction.

Requires signals to be sent to the target from a transmitter for the detection from the reciever.

A sensing device that both transmits and recieves reflected signals for measurement.

Emits sound pulses and listens for echo for distance/location detection.

Continuously operating reference station.

Fine tuning the model as new information about measurements are received

Mixing light of two or more different colors to create a new color. Red，green and blue are called additive primaries.

A spatial relationship where multiple objects/polygons share a single side.

Spatial Analysis Technique. Mathematical modelling of data to adjust for: 1) Errors/Inaccuracies 2) Datum 3) Corrections

Right/Claim of ownership of property gained through continuous occupation of land for a length of time as specified in legal documents, with evidence of occupation by claimant.

Surveys on ground features using Remote Sensing/Photogrammetric techniques.

See description on Aerotriangulation.

Method of determining position of points (ground features) based on multiple aerial photographs.

Combination of colours, symbols, typography, and placement/orientation of objects that will be pleasing to the eye, which can help with interpretation of the information on medium.

Projective transformation perfomed on coordinates/images that preserves ratios of distances but not angles or lengths of distances.

The project established by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, a digital geo-referenced databased on land cover of the whole Africa.

Map Generalization technique, to group together elements of same characteristics into a larger representative group.

Project Management and Software Development strategy where there is an emphasis on the creation of teams and collaboration between the people to enable continuous planning, testing and integration of solution software.

The ground distance between the photo center at the times of exposure.

Remote Sensing Technique. Sensors are mounted on airborne devices to record images/measurements for later processing.