GRB

Scheme of colours for representing data values on map, use of gradation of colours.

Removal of water from a waterbody, alteration of water course.

Digital Line Graph

Delay Lock Loops

Degree Minutes Seconds

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, administered by the U.S. Air Force.

Digital Number

Permitted values (boundary) for data.

Dilution of Precision

The number of cycles in a given time interval.

Relative change in frequency of the wave in relation to the source.

See definition on Doppler Effect.

Signal processing strategy for tracking GPS signal by using the measured Doppler Shift.

Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle

Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite

Map using Dots to represent real-life features/phenomenon.

Map type that relies on visual scatter of dots to show spatial patterns, features and phenomenon.

Generally used in Relative GPS, it is the difference of phase measurement on two points from two satellites; it is used to mminimize clock, orbital, localized atmospheric, and reciever clock errors.

In Pseudokinematic observations, unknown stations are to be occupied twice for resolution of Phase Ambiguity.

To bring up materials from seabed/riverbed.

Distance Root Mean Square

Method for identifying surface points, gradually discarding points of least importance from a full list of points.

Digital Surface Model

Digital Terrain Model

Receivers or GPS measurements utilizing both L1 and L2.

Echosounders transmitting at both a low frequency pulse (around 24kHz) and high frequency pulse (200kHz) simultaneously to detect depth, it has the ability to identify underwater situations in higher levels of detail (e.g., detecting the layer of mud on top of rock).

Levelling instrument with rigid connection between the vertical spindle and telescope (cannot adjust tilt).

Digital Exchange Format

Where users can interact with data points on charts and diagram displayed.

Automatic labelling of map features by GIS software.

Technique in use for RTK and DGPS where GPS receiver positions are logged, at predetermined intervals of time or distance, and are joined together into one continuous line.

Maps enabled to show changes, generally over a time period, and/or maps that dynamically displays information.

Model for dealing with changes over time and/or interaction between variables in the model.

Range of signals recordable by GPR between its maximum and noise floor.

Process of computing and displaying referenced events on a route (linear feature).

Entity-Relation

Correlator used for tracking phase and correlation peak of signal, it is when the replica signal generated from the receiver is shifted earlier in time than the incoming signal.

A program launched by NASA comprising a series of artificial satellite missions and scientific instruments in Earth orbit, designed for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans of the Earth.

Parameters which describes the rotation of Earth, it has three components: 1) Universal Time 2) Coordinates of the Pole 3) Celestial Pole Offsets

3D Cartesian coordinates represented as (X, Y, Z) with its origin (0, 0, 0) at Earth's center of mass and axes aligned with International Reference Pole and International Reference Meridian that are fixed with respect to Earth's surface.

To normalize for the seasonal changes in the distance between the earth and the sun.

Process of moving parts of Earth's surface (e.g. soil, rock).

Non-possessory right/grant/agreement by law given to person(s) to use another's land for a specific purpose (e.g. right-of-way)

Coordinates in the Eastward direction on gridded coordinate systems.

Deviation from circularity.

Electronic Counter Counter Measure

Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed Coordinates

An type of SONAR instrument used to detect the depth of water by transmitting sound pulses into water

Use of SONAR to determine water depth through transmission of sound pulses into water and measuring the time difference between the transmission and the received (reflected) sound.

It is a Pseudocylindrical map projection where length of polar line is half of the equator line length and longitudinal lines are semiellipses.