GRB

Within surveys (regardless of survey techniques) it refers to the geometry of the network as it can greatly affect accuracy of the data.

Procedures aims to compensate the systematic and essentially random or unpredictable distortions caused by sensors's factors, terrain factors and atmospheric factors.

See definition on Dilution of Precision.

Conversion/Rectification of coordinates between coordinate systems based on control points and transformation equations.

Surface where gravity potential is constant.

GIS operations to manipulation data (e.g., overlay, selection ,data conversion, etc…).

Geospatial Reference

Process of assigning spatial coordinates to a point with reference to a pre-existing coordinate system.

See definition on Georeferencing.

Interrelated spatial data model that stores spatial data and attribute data in separately

A special type of Geosynchronous Orbit with a circular orbit above equator at approximately 35,786 km with orbital period approximate to Earth's rotational period thus appears to be in a fixed position in the sky.

Class of statistics focusing on spatial and/or spatiotemporal data.

Orbit of satellite around Earth with a period matchin Earth's sidereal rotation period (approx. 23hrs 56mins 2secs), satellite will return to same position in the sky every twenty-four hours.

Application of scientific and engineering principles to the interpretation, understanding, use of knowledge of Earth's crust and sub-surface material.

Tools and techniques for visualizing spatial data.

3D stereoscopic prjection system to allow for an immersive environment.

Rule of organization and perception of groups of images/shapes. Laws of Grouping: 1) Proximity 2) Similarity 3) Closure 4) Symmetry 5) Common Fate 6) Continuity 7) Good Gestalt 8) Past Experience

Geological Investigation

Geospatial Information System

Data model (e.g., map, chart, diagram) for representing spatial objects to better understand phenomenon/system.

Positional data on reference system best fitted globally, often using WS84 reference system.

Interpolation method using all points in the system to estimate unknown value.

Produced a 1-km resolution global land cover database for the usage in a wide ragne of environmental study and modeling.

Russian satellite-based system, available for civillian use to, to provide positional information to compatible device.

Global perspective, including global and regional development trend and achievement in study area.

GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (Russia)

Geography Markup Language

Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Non-conformal map projection technique that displays all Great Circles as straight lines.

Global Navigation Satellite System

It exceeds the intended subject learning outcomes in some regards.

Ground Penetrating Radar

Global Positioning Satellite

Systematic Error that affects all GPS measurements, derived coordiantes and baseline. Type: 1) Satellite Dependent: Ephemeris Uncertainties, Satellite Clock Uncertainties, Selective Availability Effects 2) Receiver Dependent: Receiver Clock Uncertainties, Reference Station Coordinate(...)

Makes up Space Segment of GNSS, consists of a system of satellites in orbit (e.g. GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS, BeiDou)

Type: 1) Unmodelled, Residual Biases 2) Carrier Phase Cycle Slips 3) Multipath 4) Antenna Phase Centre Offset 5) Random Observation Error (Noise)

Time given by all Control Stations and satellite clocks, it is regulated by UTC when GPS time was set at zeor on 6-JAN-1980 00:00.

Physical feature of landscape defined by the Tangential angle of the horizontal, can be expressed in degrees, percentage or meters depending on circumstances and use.

The study of graphs, used to present relations between objects by mathematical structures.

Developing firm and sound understanding of overview of theology, knowledge and disciplines, including their functions and their scope of applications.

Visible horizontal and vertical reference lines on a telescope.

Loose rock material.

The object has an less than 1 but constant emmisivity at any wavelengths.

Symbols expressed in different tones of gray.

Circle on the surface of a sphere that passes through the center of the sphere, it often represents the shortest distance between two points on the sphere and the preferred route for shipping or aircraft.

Green normalized difference vegetation index, is identical in form to the NDVI and expected that the green band is substituted for the red band.

Type of Bearing, defined by the grid meridian and dependent on the projection coordinate system in use.

Coordinates based on an Origin (O), located at the extreme south and west of the area, with the denotation of Easting (E) and Northing (N).

The ration by which ground measurements and grid measurements varies, calculated by the scale factor and elevation factor.

Lines with set coordinates at each grid's corner.