GRB

Process of connecting components (elements) of different systems and/or networks, where there are very little dependencies between systems.

Long-Range Navigation-C

Where there is no loss of data during compression, can be used to derive other data products.

Data formats that allows for compression without losing details from the original (raw) data, it preserves data quality.

Data compression where there is a loss of data (information is lost), not suitable for deriving other data products or analysis.

Data formats that has undergone conversion and/or compression and has lost some level of detail but is still close enough to raw data to be useful.

Can be caused by various factors (e.g., power loss, obstruction ,low signal-tonoise ratio) but mostly when the signal towards the receiver is broken and causes a cycle slip.

Physical position of limit of land as exmplified on Land Title.

Radio frequncy in the range of 30kHz - 300kHz, has low signal attenuation suitable for long-distance communication.

Spatial Filter applied to images to reduce contrast, focus on low frequency features and block the high frequency elements of an image.

Filter that passes signals with lower frequency than the cut-off frequency.

Linear Quadratic Estimator

Land Use/Land Cover mapping

Technique used to meaure distances to the moon using reflectors left on the moon surface during lunar missions.

Military Code

A measure value added to a line feature, often a Route or polyline feature, to measure distance between the vertext of the line (can be a geometric length).

Bit sequence generated from linear feedback shift registers.

Type of Bearing, defined by compass reading based on magnetic field of the Earth (magnetic meridian) which may vary with locality and time.

The variation of the angle between the magnetic north and true north.

Meridian/Great Circle passing through North and South magnetic poles.

Direction of North as depicted on a compass needle or a freely suspending magnet.

Points (nodes) identified beforehand deemed to be important in the survey and possibly the reason for the survey.

An operation of classification smoothing.

Inspection survey of conditions in Manhole.

Surface Installation Type. Access point to underground facilities (e.g. sewerage).

Type of data relationship, where many records from a data table can be related to many records from another data table.

Type of data relationship, where many records from a data table can be related to one record on another data table.

Objects and features represented by symbols.

See Definition on Query Operations.

Assembling and fitting the geographical information together to present them in the map

A reference point precisely located on the ground and on both a map and the photo.

Distortion of relationships on map due to projections. Type: 1) Areas 2) Angles 3) Gross shapes 4) Distances 5) Directions

Elements composing a map: 1) Title 2) Legend 3) Scale 4) Map Area 5) Map Symbols 6) Place name/ Labelling 7) Directionality (North Arrow) 8) Border/Neatlines 9) Graticule 10) Credits

A mathematical transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of geographical coordinates on the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into a planar or Cartesian coordinate system, ways of representing 3D Earth surface into 2D map. Type: 1) Cylindrical 2) Pseudo Cylindrical 3) Pseudo(...)

Characteristics of map arising from Map Projection. Type: 1) Conformal 2) Equal Area 3) Compromise 4) Equidistant 5) Gnomonic

Relationship between actual size and size as represented on medium (e.g. map), could be represented as a ratio (e.g. 1:2500) or as a bar/ruler.

Temporary set of topological relationship between simple features, that are in coincident, that can be used to set boundaries and definition (e.g., streams as land boundaries, land-use map layer and soil map layer).

Geometric transformation converting digitized map into projected coordinates (transformation between maps).

Video callibration chart.

Angle of elevation (usually at 15ᵒ) where satellites below the point are not tracked, technique used to mitigate multipath, atmospheric and attenuation errors.

Diagramatic method for comparing various earthwork distribution for various construction schemes (e.g. amount of materials required to be moved, cut-fill balance of roadworks, Earthwork Profile, etc,…)

Complete understanding of concepts, theories, principles, functions of the knowledge and able to analysis and apply it into specific cases.

Plan that indicates how the area would be developed (future developments).

The gradual loss of energy in the material.

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

Algorithm for solving Location-Allocation problems by maximizing demand coverage over a specific constraint (e.g., time, distance).

Quantitatively estimate the variance as well as the covariance of the category spectral response patterns during classifying an unknown pixel.

Quantitatively estimate the variance as well as the covariance of the category spectral response patterns during classifying an unknown pixel.

The maximum allowed difference between the z-value of an input raster cell and the z-value of the output TIN at the location corresponding to the raster cell center.

Multi-Criteria Evaluation