GRB

The process of removing noise from the source.

Equipment for WLD Survey.

A sensitive detector to measure sound produced by fluid flow.

Modulation of power so that it is spread throughout the spectrum and becomes less susceptable to noise/interference.

The procedure to make things become normal and common.

Type of Attribute, it is a quantitative measurement for distinguishing type or class without sequencing or specifying importance.

A Graphical calculating device designed to approximate graphical computation of a function.

Detection of objects/materials without damaging or disruption to surrounding environment.

Component on Quad Tree, quadrant that has different cell values and is a branch point which is subjected to subdivision.

In contrast to a linear function,the graph of function does not follow a straight line.

Data without spatial characteristics/qualities/attributes.

Edit of feature without topological relationship

See definition on Independent Line.

See the description of Gaussian Distribution.

A measure used to minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides as followed: ATAx=ATb

Breaking down of large tables into smaller tables whilst retaining relationship between attributes and entries.

Normalized difference vegetation index, a indicator used to analyze vegetation by remote sensing measurement,where NIR and RED stand for the spectral reflectance measurements acquired in red(visible) and near-infrared band.

Coordinates in the Northward direction on gridded coordinate systems.

Value in semivariance or covariance model that represents instrument error, measurement error or miniscule scalar variations, value at the distance of 0 on semivariogram.

Hypothesis where there are not significant differences in observations/sample and that any observed differences are due to errors and/or sampling.

Digital signal sampling theorem bridging between continuous (analog) signal and discrete (digital) signal.

An entity with structures, attributes and behaviours defined by a Class.

To extract topographic objects from images.

A Cartesian system used to locate features and points presented in the image in the object space, a three-dimentional region covered by photograph.

Data model that treats spatial data as Objects.

Model that treats geometry (spatial data) as an attribute and storing it together with other attributes, maintaining the relationship and links between the spatial data and attribute data without having to split its location.

Software engineering concept where elements and concepts of the system are represented as Objects.

An analysis approach of grouping items which interact with another by class, data or behavior to create a model representing the intended purpose of the system as a whole.

Process of planning of a system containing Objects, an approach to software design.

Programming methodology based on the concept of Objects, treating elements of the program as Objects to be controlled and manipulated in a modular manner.

A symmetric ellipsoid with flattened poles.

The aerial photography that is captured at approximately a 45 degree angle with the ground.

Type of parallel projection for visualizing 3D objects onto 2D medium, not a true 3D view.

Ordnance Bench Mark

Signals whos measurements gives range or distance between satellite and receiver. Type: 1) Pseudorange 2) Carrier Phase/Carrier Beat Phase

Errors occurred during observations. Type: 1) Natural Errors 2) Instrumental Errors 3) Human Errors

Measurements taken through instrumentations. Types: 1) Direct Observations 2) Indirect Observations

Open Digital Libraries Protocol

Original Equipment Manufacturer

Lines set often at right angles to the main survey line, towards other features, they are short measurements done using a tape.

Feature of GIS design to display datasets of different coordinate system, automatically convertin gdataset to a common coordinate system.

It allows initialization whilst receiver is in motion, it is a method where resolution of cariier phase ambiguity is done quickly on-the-go.

Type of data relationship, where one record from a data table can be related to many record on another table.

Type of data relationship, where one record from a data table can only be related to a single record on another table.

Distance is determined by the elapsed time from the transmission of the signal from GPS to the receiver.

Nondiscriminatory access to data collect anywhere in the world

Software where source code is freely available and can be redistributed and modified.

Traverses that are both geometrically and mathematically open, which may not have to start and end on a point with high order of positional accuracy.

Large area of water.

Method of surface mining for extracting materials (i.e. rocks, minerals) from the Earth by removal through an open pit (borrow pit/sandbox).