GRB

Group of islands.

A form of generalization, it is grouping areas of similar characteristics to simplify the map, may cause misinterpretation or bias.

Spatial Analysis Technique. Analysis of choropleth map to determine pattern of specified area (e.g. randomness, uniformity, clusters, etc…)

Distortion on areal properties of maps due to projection and transformation, areas displayed may not reflect reality and can be sometimes exaggerated.

Transfer of data from source polygons to target polygons.

The climate in areas that receive less than 50 cm per year rainfall.

AutoRegressive Moving Average

Collection of data/cell values that can be selected by indices.

Clearly express and state ideas

Anti-Spoofing

Surveys to document location and layout of engineering works, record of design changes during construction.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Questioning GIS data based on non-spatial attributes.

Compass direction of slope face

The ration between pixel width and heigth

Map Generalization technique, to connect different elements together (generally textual elements with pictorial elements).

The analysis of the spatial relationship between two associated objects comparing against one-another.

Calculated from angles measured between zenith and to known stars, it is the angel between the Earth's equatorial plane and the true vertical at an point on the surface.

Positioning system for celestial objects (i.e. satellites, plantes, stars) in a 3-D space (celestial sphere). Type: 1) Horizontal System 2) Equatorial System 3) Ecliptic System 4) Galactic System 5) Super Galactic System

Book of map/charts.

The layer of gas surrounding the Earth. Type: 1) Troposphere 2) Stratosphere 3) Mesophere 4) Thermosphere 5) Exosphere

Taking into account the properties of light and its characteristics in the air, it is the process of removing the atmostpheric effects on observations/measurements/images.

The range of wavelength in which the atmosphere is particularly transmissive of energy.

Gradual loss of energy due to medium of transmission.

Non-spatial information about a geographical features linked to the stored values of a GIS.

Descriptions and/or classifications of geographical features on a map. Types: 1) Nominal 2) Ordinal 3) Interval 4) Ratio

Defines that allowable values for fields in a feature class or attribute table.

Attributes of features on GIS that are incorrectly recorded.

Determines how data is stored in GIS, can be defined by its type (e.g., number, text, binary object, date) or scale (e.g., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

Composite view of both the real-world and computer generated world, where real world experience of the environment is augmented by computer generated sensory input (i.e. sound, video, graphics, GPS data, etc…)

A generalised model of the Earth where the spherical model has the same surface area as the reference ellipsoid.

Correlation of values of nearby datasets.

Self-levelling telescopic device for Level Runs with in-built conpensating device (automatic compensators) to correct residual mislevelment.

Uncorrected position calculated by the reciever using Code measurements.

Method of non-Fourier spectral estimation, a statistical analysis of a time series.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Quantity for expressing the central/most typical value of dataset, calculated by dividing sum of values of numbers in dataset.

Horizontal angles observed clockwise from reference meridian.

Map projection where area is projected onto a tangential plane to the surface, generally at Poles or Equator. Types: 1) Azimuthal Equidistant 2) Lambert Azimuthal Area 3) Azimuthal Conformal Projection (Stereographic Projection) 4) Orthographic Projection 5) Gnomonic Projection

Cross sectional image display produced by GPR, compilationo f multiple traces by GPR.

Prerequisite knowledge, should be acquired before the formal lectures or practices

First reading of height measurement on level run towards the back staff on a single setup.

Body of stagnant (still) water in a river not reached by current.

A digital image-processing technique to enhance contrast between featuresn through dividing a measure of reflectance for the pixels in one image band by the other one.

A type of systematic noise of image, caused by multispectral scanners that sweep multiple scan lines simultaneously.

Bandpass filter is usded to block the wavelength exceeding a specific range.

Range of frequency in a given band.

Land mass alongside boundary between water bodies and land.

Surveys performed on waterways, estuaries, and coastlines of areas suspected to be subjected to erosion and material movement.

On-site calibration for echo sounders using a reference bar.