GRB

A second-order polynomial equation having the form ax2+bx+c=0 ,where x represents an unknown, and a, b, and c represent known numbers , a≠0.

Area spatial sampling units.

A single frequency antenna with two orthogonal bifilar helical loops on a common axis, generally used in recreational handheld GPS receivers.

Method of data processing that results in a hierachical data structure by partitioning data set into finer units.

Use of words as descriptors, interpretation on an object by its quality.

Map that expresses features as objects rather than numerical values, most often seen as Thematic Maps.

Maintaining desired level of quality as indicated by industry standards.

Process of measuring quality of work, maintaining standards as set by industry.

Generally affected by procedures, environment and adjustment methods used both on and off site, it affacts the precision and accuracy of overall outcome.

See description on Photon.

Data set divided into equal segments.

Data classification method that divides dataset into groups containing equal number of values.

Use of numbers as descriptors, interpretation on an object by its quantity.

Map that expresses features in numeric values, opposite of Qualitative Maps.

Data set divided into 4 categories.

Astronomical radio source.

Using logical operators to define constraints for searching/selecting data within table. Type: 1) Equal to ( = ) 2) Greater than (> ) 3) Less than ( < ) 4) Greater than or equal to ( > = ) 5) Less than or equal to ( < = ) 6) Not equal to ( < > )

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

A measure of positional accuracy, its value is defined as a circle's radius with its center at the true position, where it encloses 95% of the data points.

RAdio Detection And Ranging

A measure (recording) of relection amplitudes and reflection time.

The standard unit of angular measure, 1 radian ≈ 57.3 °

The measuring of angles at distances from a fixed control station.

An electronic object-detection system used to determine the range, altitude, speed and direction of objects by radio waves.

Positioning technology using EM (Radio) waves, prior to the development of GPS. Types: 1) Terrestrial: RADAR, SHORAN, HIRAN, Sputnik 2) Optical: Triangulation, ,Laser Ranging 3) Extraterrestrial: Satellite Tracking, Prime Minitrack, VLBI 4) TRANSIT

Describes the perception of the levels of brightness, measured through grey value levels defined by bits (e.g., 8-bit = 256 grey value)

Determination of position, direction and distance using transmitted Radio waves.

Random Access Memory

Errors caused by factors beyond the system and control of observers.

Choosing subjects from a population through unpredictable means to achieve unbiased results

Without coherency or order, lack of pattern.

When biases due to error is expressed as a range (distance).

Often caused by the change in speed as the signal enters the atmosphere (e.g. Ionospheric Delay, Tropospheric Delay), and/or multipath.

Rate of which range between reciever and satellite changes, measured by tracking variation in Doppler Shift.

Form of Circular Mode positioning, it is an active position system where the transmitter on the vessel sends a signal to two or more transponders on-shore which retransmits the signal back to the ship.

Hand held laser instruments for single measurements, mainly used indoors or for measurements that does not require a high order of accuracy.

Process of determining distance between locations.

See definition on Fast-Static Positioning/Survey

Graphics in dot matrix data structure, represented as rectangular grid pixels.

Binary model derived from directly querying rasters.

Conversion of vector data to raster data.

The relationship between two numbers of the same object.

Type of Attribute, includes an absolute starting point (0), where data is ranked in order of magnitude with relativity to one-another to give meaningful and predictable results.

Uncompressed, unconverted data directly obtained from instruments.

Scatter of EM radiation by particles in the medium which are smaller than wavelength.

Method of determining relative positions between known control points and unknown positions by tracking pseurange measurments in real time.

Similar to DGPS but it also uses carrier phase and doppler measurements, which is collected at the base station and transmitted to the roving reciever.

To remember and present facts, ideas and concepts of study.

Difference in Receiver clock time and GPS time that causes error.

Static/noise on the signal that causes error.