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Journal of Management Information Systems, 38, 4, 2021, 898-930 How do fake news flags affect the spread of fake news? How do forwarding restrictions affect the spread of fake news and its ability to survive? The authors study the impact of two kinds of intervention by China’s largest social media platform to prevent the spread of fake news stories: flagging individual fake-news stories, and imposing a forwarding restriction on accounts that publish fake news stories. They show that a fake news flag significantly alters the spread of fake news. The forwarding behaviour of followers with strong ties to the focal account is not greatly affected by a fake news flag as these followers are more likely to have the same views and beliefs as the focal account, and are affected by confirmation bias. Such followers also tend to be influential social media users. However, more distant followers, who are less likely to have the same views and beliefs as the focal account, are less likely to forward a story that has been marked as false. The fake news flag thus prevents a story from spreading farther and more broadly in a ripple effect. |
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Ka Chung Ng, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University |
The authors also show that, compared to truthful news stories, a forwarding restriction policy results in less direct forwarding of a story from the focal account, but more indirect forwarding between more distant followers. They posit that this can be explained by social tie theory, as relational concerns prevent the strong ties of fake news publishing accounts from spreading fake news but have no effect on the weak ties.
But although fake news tends to circulate more widely than truthful news, the authors show that the forwarding restriction policy effectively combats the spread of fake news by shortening its lifespan—although it is not discovered any sooner.
This study is among the first to investigate attempts by social media platforms to combat the spread of fake news using a forwarding restriction policy. It discusses the practical implications of the results for social media platform owners and policymakers.
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Marketing Science, forthcoming The authors study owner behaviours on a leading peer-to-peer (P2P) car sharing platform in China with the aim of improving matching efficiency on P2P sharing platforms. P2P sharing platforms act as marketplaces that enable the sharing of idle resources. When a renter requests an owner's resource, the owner needs to decide whether to accept the request: accepting it helps the renter fill up the idle periods of the resource and generate a payoff, but reduces the flexibility to serve a future request for a longer duration. The authors develop a framework that helps owners understand the trade-offs that they face on P2P platforms when deciding whether to accept a renter’s request. Owners can use this framework to optimise their decisions, while platforms can use this framework to improve their operations. The paper identifies two types of owners: myopic owners make their acceptance decisions for each incoming request in isolation, while forward-looking owners make their acceptance decisions after taking into account a) how their decision will affect the availability state of their car, and b) the possible arrival of future requests. Both groups of owners are similar in number but forward looking, strategic owners are more likely to be female, experienced, and younger. |
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Dai Yao, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University |
The study generates three key results for P2P sharing platforms and participants.
First, the authors find that for forward-looking owners, the value of having each day in the future available first increases, then decreases, with the most important day being the third day, for a five-day time window.
Second, the authors find that if the platform imposes a minimum rental duration of two days, forward-looking owners may become more reluctant to accept requests, even if the current availability state entails a higher expected payoff. This is because such a policy increases the chance for owners to receive a longer rental request which actually cripples the attractiveness of such two-day rental requests.
Finally, the authors find that the P2P platform can greatly improve matching efficiency if it better understands owners such that it can allocate or reallocate rental requests optimally. This benefits almost all participants in the business.
Besides these substantive contributions to the understanding of owner preferences and behaviours in P2P sharing markets, the authors also make an important methodological contribution to the literature. Their dynamic model is unique in that the time periods in which decisions are made are not necessarily consecutive, which greatly extends the flexibility of typical dynamic choice models.
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Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, forthcoming We find that organization capital is negatively related to the cost of bank loans. This finding is robust to additional analyses including those that address omitted variable bias and reverse causality. In addition, we find that organization capital reduces all-in-spread-undrawn. When we decompose the bank loan cost, we find that organization capital increases facility fees due to its risk-engendering characteristics. Finally, we find that organization capital is positively associated with a high likelihood of the presence of inventors and innovation output, consistent with the argument that organization capital is embedded in the key talent within a firm. |
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Anna Danielova, McMaster University |
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Academy of Management Journal, forthcoming Although teams of negotiators are widely assumed to be better at unlocking integrative solutions than individual negotiators, the interteam negotiation context is characterized by unique challenges which can make effective collaboration between teams difficult. We extend our theoretical understanding of interteam negotiations by offering novel insights about when and why teams realize their potential in integrative negotiations. Specifically, we propose a theoretical model that explains how hierarchical team structures reduce information elaboration within teams, which reinforces “fixed-pie” assumptions that prompt the reliance on value claiming behaviors between teams and lower high-quality outcomes such as the joint gain achieved. Across four studies, each involving interactive team-on-team negotiations, we provide support for the hypothesized effects of formal intrateam hierarchies on joint gain, and test a useful intervention to mitigate the harmful effects of hierarchically structured teams at the negotiation table. Contributions to the literatures on team negotiations, interteam collaboration, and hierarchical differences within teams are discussed. |
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Sarah P. Doyle, University of Arizona |
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Academy of Management Journal, forthcoming Organizations need to both differentiate themselves while conforming to their audiences’ expectations. To meet this demand, organizations may span different categories. However, valuing spanners is challenging for audiences. We contend that spanners’ valuation depends on category nesting, as the congruence of informational cues varies between basic categories and subcategories. Furthermore, we expect that more expert audiences find spanners to be more congruent (and hence, more valuable) at a subordinate level than at a basic level of categorization. We test our hypotheses using a mixed methods design in the context of venture capital investments. We analyze observational data on more than 29,000 venture capital deals and develop two experimental studies. Our findings support our hypotheses that subcategory-spanning lowers valuation, and that this effect is attenuated as investors’ expertise increases. Our experimental studies further show that congruence is a causal mechanism explaining these effects. Our findings have important implications for research on organizational conformity and optimal distinctiveness, categorization in markets from an information processing perspective, and the impact of expertise on valuation. |
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Arnaud Cudennec, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University |
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Journal of Applied Psychology, 107, 193-220 Although workplace incivility has received increasing attention in organizational research over the past two decades, there have been recurring questions about its construct validity, especially vis-à-vis other forms of workplace mistreatment. Also, the antecedents of experienced incivility remain understudied, leaving an incomplete understanding of its nomological network. In this meta-analysis, we validate the construct of incivility by testing its reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as its incremental predictive validity over other forms of mistreatment. We also extend its nomological network by drawing on the perpetrator predation framework to systematically study the antecedents of experienced incivility. Based on 105 independent samples and 51,008 participants, we find extensive support for incivility's construct validity. Besides, we demonstrate that demographic characteristics (gender, race, rank, and tenure), personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, negative affectivity, and self-esteem), and contextual factors (perceived uncivil climate and socially supportive climate) are important antecedents of experienced incivility, with contextual factors displaying a stronger association with incivility. In a supplementary primary study with 457 participants, we find further support for the construct validity of incivility. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study. |
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Jingxian Yao, UCP-Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics |
