Metaverse and Digital Twin Evolution

Andrew Y. C. Nee is currently an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National University of Singapore. He received his PhD and DEng from the University of Manchester in 1973 and 2002 respectively. He is a Fellow of CIRP (1990), a Fellow of SME (1990), a Fellow of the Academy of Engineering Singapore (2012), and a Fellow of the Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association (AAIA) (2023). He served as President of CIRP in 2012 and was a Gold Medal Recipient of SME in 2014. His awards include the IEEE Kayamori Award (1999), the Norman A. Dudley Award from the International Journal of Production Research (2003), and the Joseph Whitworth Prize from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2009). He was elected as one of Asia’s top 100 Scientists by Asian Scientist Magazine in 2016. His research interests include tool, die, and fixture design, augmented reality applications, digital twin, and remanufacturing. He has graduated 53 PhD students, published over 550 papers and 25 books, and has a Google Scholar citation count of 32,900 with an H-index of 87. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (Springer) and the Executive Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Manufacturing (Shanghai and Springer). He is also an honorary professor at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai University, Tianjin University, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology.