GNSS Remote Sensing for Neutral Atmosphere, any challenges left?

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become an indispensable tool in meteorology, advancing capabilities in weather and climate monitoring and prediction. With the technology maturing, a growing number of commercial operators now offer ground-based (e.g., SAPOS) and space-based (e.g., SPIRE Global) GNSS products to meteorological agencies. This raises the question of whether significant challenges remain in GNSS remote sensing of the neutral atmosphere.

In this talk, I will review the current state-of-the-art in GNSS applications for both nowcasting and forecasting, with a focus on different weather scales. I will compare the established permanent GNSS network-based weather monitoring methods with emerging techniques, including tropospheric estimation from mobile phones, and GNSS-based observations from trains and drones. Additionally, I will address GNSS Radio Occultation missions, emphasizing the integration of space- and ground-based remote sensing.

The presentation will explore potential extensions to GNSS capabilities, proposing innovations in bothground-based and space-based GNSS systems that could enhance atmospheric observation beyond the current state-of-the-art.