2021.02.23 Prof. Salikoko S. Mufwene

The Edward Carson Waller Distinguished Service Professor

Department of Linguistics

University of Chicago

Profile

Abstract:

The discourse in evolutionary linguistics has typically been on the evolution or phylogenetic emergence of language, in the singular, raising the question of whether modern languages can be traced back to one proto-language some 200Kya-100Kya, in early modern Homo sapiens or to several typologically different languages. I invoke the geography of humna fossils in Africa to argue against monogenesis, without dismissing the likelihood that language (as an abstraction from diverse languages) must have faciliated successive migrations of Homo sapiens out of Africa to different destinations. I also use the experience of recent colonial and imperial expansions to underscore the role that population movements and language contact must have played in increasing and complexifying diversity that must have originated in teh African cradle. I show how the scholarship on the emergence of creoles and in African genetic linguistics can shed light on the successive speciation of languages into the modern state of affairs. Invoking recent findings in genetics, I show how poorly Indo-European genetic linguistics was conceived, starting with the construct of (Proto-)Indo-European and invoking language contact only to account for exceptions. The comparative method alone cannot explain how languages speciate. And it doesn't tell us anything about language losses that can be concomitants of speciation. The picture that emerges is a more complex one that underscores the significance of multi- and inter-disciplinarity in evolutionary linguistics.